{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162791010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3805479","title":"Expecting the unexpected: Eye-tracking surprisal and entropy in L1 and L2","display_name":"Expecting the unexpected: Eye-tracking surprisal and entropy in L1 and L2","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162791010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3805479"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797246.3805479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3805479","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3805479","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038153305","display_name":"Kristina Cergol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-0312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristina Cergol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","Laboratory for Psycholinguistic Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Hrvatska, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-0312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Psycholinguistic Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Hrvatska, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107687681","display_name":"Eva Pavlinu\u0161i\u0107 Vilus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Pavlinu\u0161i\u0107 Vilus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8401-1270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041152417","display_name":"Ana Mati\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-2067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Mati\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech and Language pathology, Laboratory for Psycholinguistic Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-2067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech and Language pathology, Laboratory for Psycholinguistic Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137323246","display_name":"Marijan Palmovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-4348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marijan Palmovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Laboratory for Psycholinguistic Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-4348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Laboratory for Psycholinguistic Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66120964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.41839998960494995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.41839998960494995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.21639999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.03550000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5983999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-processing","display_name":"Information processing","score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-effect","display_name":"Context effect","score":0.26660001277923584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5983999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3698999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76188268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783165","display_name":"Context effect","level":3,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182049051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147155","display_name":"Transfer entropy","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797246.3805479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3805479","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797246.3805479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3805479","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8875099420547485,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1146351399","https://openalex.org/W1803633430","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1993081403","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997161938","https://openalex.org/W2060256866","https://openalex.org/W2067575282","https://openalex.org/W2082842332","https://openalex.org/W2108010971","https://openalex.org/W2164418233","https://openalex.org/W2165975954","https://openalex.org/W2179376720","https://openalex.org/W2394756230","https://openalex.org/W2562764000","https://openalex.org/W2616278914","https://openalex.org/W3166464178","https://openalex.org/W4224945216","https://openalex.org/W4378212911","https://openalex.org/W4389519811","https://openalex.org/W4389777835","https://openalex.org/W4404783274","https://openalex.org/W4408600646","https://openalex.org/W6949294850"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,42,103],"effects":[4,66],"of":[5,25],"surprisal":[6,40],"and":[7,19],"contextual":[8,70],"entropy":[9,65,81,105],"on":[10,75],"eye":[11],"movements":[12],"during":[13],"naturalistic":[14],"reading":[15,52,77],"in":[16,55,95,113],"L1":[17,38,76,100],"Croatian":[18],"L2":[20,56,86,92],"English.":[21],"Linear":[22],"mixed-effects":[23],"models":[24],"eye-tracking":[26],"data":[27],"from":[28],"45":[29],"bilingual":[30],"readers":[31,93],"revealed":[32],"a":[33,108],"striking":[34],"L1\u2013L2":[35],"dissociation.":[36],"In":[37],"Croatian,":[39],"showed":[41],"classic":[43],"positive":[44],"effect,":[45],"with":[46,84,102],"less":[47,96],"predictable":[48],"words":[49],"eliciting":[50],"longer":[51],"times,":[53,78],"whereas":[54],"English":[57],"this":[58],"effect":[59,106],"was":[60,82],"absent":[61],"or":[62],"reversed.":[63],"Contextual":[64],"diverged":[67],"more":[68],"sharply:":[69],"uncertainty":[71],"had":[72],"no":[73],"influence":[74],"while":[79],"higher":[80],"associated":[83],"faster":[85],"reading.":[87],"These":[88],"findings":[89],"suggest":[90],"that":[91],"engage":[94],"predictive":[97],"processing":[98,112],"than":[99],"readers,":[101],"negative":[104],"reflecting":[107],"shift":[109],"toward":[110],"bottom-up":[111],"uncertain":[114],"contexts.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-05-30T00:00:00"}