{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416065115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3803043","title":"Gaze Prediction as Time-Series Forecasting for Virtual Reality Applications: Quantifying Performance Variability and Extreme-Case Errors","display_name":"Gaze Prediction as Time-Series Forecasting for Virtual Reality Applications: Quantifying Performance Variability and Extreme-Case Errors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416065115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3803043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797246.3803043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3803043","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3803043","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055629168","display_name":"Kateryna Melnyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13511017","display_name":"Texas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9q1g27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kateryna Melnyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010220844","display_name":"Lee Friedman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-1035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13511017","display_name":"Texas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9q1g27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Friedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-1035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035152487","display_name":"Oleg V. Komogortsev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-8842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13511017","display_name":"Texas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9q1g27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleg Komogortsev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-8842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00296033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10542","display_name":"Vestibular and auditory disorders","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.8105000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.31619998812675476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8105000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6549000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797246.3803043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3803043","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.07126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07126","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07126","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.07126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07126","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.07126","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.07126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.07126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797246.3803043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797246.3803043","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317213439","https://openalex.org/W2755643607","https://openalex.org/W2738132155","https://openalex.org/W4399202815","https://openalex.org/W4377014009","https://openalex.org/W2023192006","https://openalex.org/W2040642940","https://openalex.org/W6912515347","https://openalex.org/W2803949348","https://openalex.org/W3179188416","https://openalex.org/W3138572511","https://openalex.org/W3005758474","https://openalex.org/W2915250631","https://openalex.org/W4285030419","https://openalex.org/W4406322296","https://openalex.org/W4281694443","https://openalex.org/W2995733078","https://openalex.org/W4400645479","https://openalex.org/W4399695837","https://openalex.org/W3022643593","https://openalex.org/W4408324465","https://openalex.org/W4361278075","https://openalex.org/W3214303274","https://openalex.org/W4410701948","https://openalex.org/W4211074839","https://openalex.org/W4417025350","https://openalex.org/W2772667673","https://openalex.org/W4399199487","https://openalex.org/W1998671114","https://openalex.org/W4296899804","https://openalex.org/W3108485846","https://openalex.org/W3132649295","https://openalex.org/W4385763767","https://openalex.org/W2799064164","https://openalex.org/W4382203079"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gaze":[0],"prediction":[1],"is":[2,21],"essential":[3],"for":[4],"addressing":[5],"motion-to-photon":[6],"latency":[7],"and":[8,27,37,52,65,110,139],"ensuring":[9],"seamless":[10],"foveated":[11],"rendering":[12],"in":[13,116,125],"Virtual":[14],"Reality.":[15],"The":[16,72],"reliability":[17],"of":[18,102],"gaze":[19,118],"forecasting":[20],"highly":[22],"sensitive":[23],"to":[24,40,136],"individual":[25],"differences":[26],"the":[28,49,59,62,89,100,103,112],"eye":[29],"movements":[30],"being":[31],"predicted.":[32],"We":[33,106],"evaluate":[34],"recurrent,":[35],"transformer-based,":[36],"classification-guided":[38],"architectures":[39],"assess":[41],"their":[42],"generalization":[43],"capabilities":[44],"across":[45,70],"oculomotor":[46],"events.":[47],"Using":[48],"GazeBase":[50],"VR":[51],"Meta":[53],"Quest":[54],"Pro":[55],"datasets,":[56],"we":[57],"analyzed":[58],"relationship":[60],"between":[61],"median":[63,95],"(P50)":[64],"high-percentile":[66],"(P95)":[67],"error":[68],"profiles":[69],"subjects.":[71],"analysis":[73],"reveals":[74],"significant":[75],"performance":[76,109],"variability,":[77],"showing":[78],"that":[79],"subjects":[80],"with":[81],"low":[82,94],"P50":[83],"errors":[84,96],"do":[85,97],"not":[86,98],"always":[87],"exhibit":[88],"lowest":[90],"extreme-case":[91],"errors.":[92],"Consequently,":[93],"guarantee":[99],"robustness":[101],"utilized":[104],"solution.":[105],"discuss":[107],"inference":[108],"address":[111],"class":[113],"imbalance":[114],"problem":[115],"short-term":[117],"prediction.":[119],"These":[120],"results":[121],"identify":[122],"a":[123,130],"gap":[124],"standardized":[126],"evaluation":[127],"methods,":[128],"necessitating":[129],"shift":[131],"toward":[132],"P95-focused,":[133],"subject-specific":[134],"metrics":[135],"develop":[137],"reliable":[138],"perceptually":[140],"stable":[141],"gaze-contingent":[142],"systems.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}