{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128533478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796982","title":"Alignment of Diffusion Models: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Future","display_name":"Alignment of Diffusion Models: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Future","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128533478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3796982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796982","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035387019","display_name":"Buhua Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Buhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-9234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073038991","display_name":"Shitong Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-6140"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shitong Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-6140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125618182","display_name":"Bao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9183-5539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032096158","display_name":"Lichen Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lichen Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus","Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9067-3448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhiqiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-8933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-8933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125616993","display_name":"Haoyi Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyi Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5451-3253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070273088","display_name":"James T. Kwok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James T. Kwok","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-8248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028246366","display_name":"Sumi Helal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumi Helal","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISE, University of Florida","University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-4398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISE, University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124842349","display_name":"Zeke Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeke Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-435X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035387019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24436101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.19259999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.19259999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.1251000016927719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.10419999808073044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.6991000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5271999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.49810001254081726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.6991000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5271999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.49810001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780917687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304994","display_name":"Diffusion of innovations","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3796982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1009188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07253","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.07253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3796982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6447393725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62506317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994215125","https://openalex.org/W2046451925","https://openalex.org/W2137454803","https://openalex.org/W2963503775","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3160638507","https://openalex.org/W4220671231","https://openalex.org/W4385270985","https://openalex.org/W4392173735","https://openalex.org/W4400949264","https://openalex.org/W4402672014"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diffusion":[0],"models":[1,19,54],"have":[2,50],"emerged":[3],"as":[4],"the":[5,37,100,109,117],"leading":[6],"paradigm":[7],"in":[8,12,43,70,103],"generative":[9],"modeling,":[10],"excelling":[11],"various":[13],"applications.":[14],"Despite":[15],"their":[16],"success,":[17],"these":[18],"often":[20],"misalign":[21],"with":[22,28,55],"human":[23,56],"intentions":[24],"and":[25,39,58,81,94,124,129],"generate":[26],"results":[27],"undesired":[29],"properties":[30],"or":[31],"even":[32],"harmful":[33],"content.":[34],"Inspired":[35],"by":[36],"success":[38],"popularity":[40],"of":[41,65,72,76,105,111,132],"alignment":[42,64,74,104,131],"tuning":[44],"large":[45],"language":[46],"models,":[47,67,78],"recent":[48],"studies":[49],"investigated":[51],"aligning":[52],"diffusion":[53,66,77,84,106,133],"expectations":[57],"preferences.":[59],"This":[60],"work":[61,115],"mainly":[62],"reviews":[63],"covering":[68],"advancements":[69],"fundamentals":[71],"alignment,":[73],"techniques":[75],"preference":[79],"benchmarks,":[80],"evaluation":[82],"for":[83,122],"models.":[85,107,134],"Moreover,":[86],"we":[87],"discuss":[88],"key":[89],"perspectives":[90],"on":[91,98],"current":[92],"challenges":[93,102],"promising":[95],"future":[96],"directions":[97],"solving":[99],"remaining":[101],"To":[108],"best":[110],"our":[112,114],"knowledge,":[113],"is":[116],"first":[118],"comprehensive":[119],"review":[120],"paper":[121],"researchers":[123],"engineers":[125],"to":[126],"comprehend,":[127],"practice,":[128],"research":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-02-08T00:00:00"}