{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162327217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796624.3796649","title":"Theatre of the Tech-Oppressed: Exploring Algorithmic Injustice Through Participatory Performances","display_name":"Theatre of the Tech-Oppressed: Exploring Algorithmic Injustice Through Participatory Performances","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162327217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796624.3796649"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3796624.3796649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796624.3796649","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Participatory Design Conference 2026, Vol. 1: Full Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796624.3796649","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118139521","display_name":"Najme Babai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0956-2511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63586086","display_name":"Oulu University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvp8k55","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63586086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najme Babai","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTERACT research group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0956-2511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTERACT research group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63586086","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122822240","display_name":"Eva Durall Gazulla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63586086","display_name":"Oulu University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvp8k55","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63586086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Durall Gazulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTERACT research group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1778-5804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTERACT research group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63586086","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038286899","display_name":"Netta Iivari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-2890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63586086","display_name":"Oulu University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvp8k55","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63586086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Netta Iivari","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTERACT research group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-2890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTERACT research group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63586086","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006924897","display_name":"Marianne Kinnula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1582-8869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63586086","display_name":"Oulu University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvp8k55","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63586086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianne Kinnula","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTERACT research group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1582-8869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTERACT research group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63586086","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064452976","display_name":"Ole Sejer Iversen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-6716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ole Sejer Iversen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational Thinking & Design, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-6716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Thinking & Design, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98687772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"431","last_page":"445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.40950000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.40950000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.13930000364780426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.054499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performative-utterance","display_name":"Performative utterance","score":0.8145999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociotechnical-system","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","score":0.805400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.6053000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-journalism","display_name":"Citizen journalism","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empowerment","display_name":"Empowerment","score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injustice","display_name":"Injustice","score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meritocracy","display_name":"Meritocracy","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134141054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965415","display_name":"Performative utterance","level":2,"score":0.8145999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.805400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.6717000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6053000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777266375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770480","display_name":"Injustice","level":2,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38377331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178079","display_name":"Meritocracy","level":2,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777455480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038171","display_name":"Participatory design","level":3,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776327626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3627138","display_name":"Performativity","level":2,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778969656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140449","display_name":"Participatory evaluation","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179454799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132151","display_name":"Ethnography","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430460","display_name":"Capability approach","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7955714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12056630","display_name":"Structure and agency","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982832299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264892","display_name":"Social justice","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3796624.3796649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796624.3796649","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Participatory Design Conference 2026, Vol. 1: Full Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3796624.3796649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796624.3796649","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Participatory Design Conference 2026, Vol. 1: Full Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7948734760284424,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":120,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977826292","https://openalex.org/W2005609052","https://openalex.org/W2012679349","https://openalex.org/W2053019021","https://openalex.org/W2065450758","https://openalex.org/W2075335351","https://openalex.org/W2083394207","https://openalex.org/W2099254416","https://openalex.org/W2107306891","https://openalex.org/W2141022540","https://openalex.org/W2162267837","https://openalex.org/W2319168884","https://openalex.org/W2335969038","https://openalex.org/W2402489691","https://openalex.org/W2480105795","https://openalex.org/W2537383304","https://openalex.org/W2547532903","https://openalex.org/W2558376413","https://openalex.org/W2590124083","https://openalex.org/W2601838551","https://openalex.org/W2686682249","https://openalex.org/W2738749180","https://openalex.org/W2743846575","https://openalex.org/W2790340646","https://openalex.org/W2790886939","https://openalex.org/W2794258710","https://openalex.org/W2886415993","https://openalex.org/W2887682428","https://openalex.org/W2888128389","https://openalex.org/W2892104346","https://openalex.org/W2912185124","https://openalex.org/W2934302500","https://openalex.org/W2934488009","https://openalex.org/W2950504429","https://openalex.org/W2961720344","https://openalex.org/W2981451251","https://openalex.org/W2992319600","https://openalex.org/W2994804642","https://openalex.org/W2996443441","https://openalex.org/W2997468044","https://openalex.org/W3011363941","https://openalex.org/W3018846343","https://openalex.org/W3023059555","https://openalex.org/W3031082493","https://openalex.org/W3034563984","https://openalex.org/W3035932846","https://openalex.org/W3036720746","https://openalex.org/W3037032032","https://openalex.org/W3041968715","https://openalex.org/W3045225796","https://openalex.org/W3048381841","https://openalex.org/W3048560297","https://openalex.org/W3090022999","https://openalex.org/W3095562690","https://openalex.org/W3099539554","https://openalex.org/W3128845074","https://openalex.org/W3132771424","https://openalex.org/W3135539146","https://openalex.org/W3136366794","https://openalex.org/W3157172840","https://openalex.org/W3173360802","https://openalex.org/W3175928428","https://openalex.org/W3175998072","https://openalex.org/W3199005363","https://openalex.org/W3200222923","https://openalex.org/W4205941964","https://openalex.org/W4210708600","https://openalex.org/W4210867863","https://openalex.org/W4210924877","https://openalex.org/W4223982870","https://openalex.org/W4224329166","https://openalex.org/W4225134894","https://openalex.org/W4241533019","https://openalex.org/W4248968336","https://openalex.org/W4252148582","https://openalex.org/W4281804809","https://openalex.org/W4281976670","https://openalex.org/W4285197179","https://openalex.org/W4288682834","https://openalex.org/W4292771492","https://openalex.org/W4293211250","https://openalex.org/W4295185381","https://openalex.org/W4296196488","https://openalex.org/W4297156540","https://openalex.org/W4297156593","https://openalex.org/W4297838726","https://openalex.org/W4311487064","https://openalex.org/W4313815498","https://openalex.org/W4365388135","https://openalex.org/W4366147985","https://openalex.org/W4367319733","https://openalex.org/W4367597266","https://openalex.org/W4380442320","https://openalex.org/W4380853226","https://openalex.org/W4381682391","https://openalex.org/W4387873106","https://openalex.org/W4388007985","https://openalex.org/W4388161491","https://openalex.org/W4388988863","https://openalex.org/W4389152374","https://openalex.org/W4389950928","https://openalex.org/W4391179655","https://openalex.org/W4391586430","https://openalex.org/W4392887613","https://openalex.org/W4393332028","https://openalex.org/W4399447953","https://openalex.org/W4399667894","https://openalex.org/W4400144765","https://openalex.org/W4400810536","https://openalex.org/W4401806686","https://openalex.org/W4402089137","https://openalex.org/W4403004020","https://openalex.org/W4403004269","https://openalex.org/W4407196717","https://openalex.org/W4407272367","https://openalex.org/W4409748246","https://openalex.org/W4409749701","https://openalex.org/W4411301125","https://openalex.org/W4411558344","https://openalex.org/W4413035301"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"becomes":[4],"embedded":[5],"in":[6,19,73,103,162],"systems":[7,75,132],"that":[8,64,141],"shape":[9],"everyday":[10],"decisions,":[11],"it":[12],"is":[13],"critical":[14,43],"to":[15,124,151],"engage":[16],"young":[17],"people":[18],"making":[20,129],"sense":[21],"of":[22,38,82,101,120,143,165],"these":[23],"technologies":[24],"and":[25,51,71,85,106,110,136,159],"their":[26],"sociotechnical":[27],"implications.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"explores":[31],"how":[32,90],"participatory,":[33],"theatre-based":[34],"techniques,":[35],"particularly":[36],"Theatre":[37,142],"the":[39,83,99,118,144,163],"Oppressed,":[40],"can":[41],"foster":[42],"dialogues":[44],"among":[45],"youth":[46,157],"about":[47,67],"algorithmic":[48,93,131],"decision-making,":[49],"bias,":[50,105],"injustice.":[52],"Drawing":[53],"on":[54],"a":[55,147],"workshop":[56],"with":[57,108],"15\u201317-year-olds,":[58],"we":[59,88],"analyze":[60],"forum":[61],"theatre":[62],"performances":[63,84],"surfaced":[65],"questions":[66],"power,":[68],"merit,":[69],"data,":[70],"justice":[72],"AI":[74],"for":[76,113,155],"decision-making.":[77],"Through":[78],"reflective":[79],"thematic":[80],"analysis":[81],"spect-actor":[86],"interventions,":[87],"identify":[89],"participants":[91],"impersonated":[92],"agents,":[94],"questioned":[95],"meritocratic":[96],"ideals,":[97],"exposed":[98],"role":[100],"data":[102],"enabling":[104],"experimented":[107],"hierarchical":[109],"imaginative":[111],"strategies":[112],"intervention.":[114],"Our":[115],"findings":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"potential":[119],"embodied,":[121],"performative":[122],"approaches":[123],"support":[125],"computational":[126],"empowerment":[127],"by":[128],"abstract":[130],"tangible,":[133],"emotionally":[134],"resonant,":[135],"ethically":[137],"contestable.":[138],"We":[139],"argue":[140],"Oppressed":[145],"offers":[146],"valuable":[148],"methodological":[149],"addition":[150],"participatory":[152],"design,":[153],"especially":[154],"cultivating":[156],"agency":[158],"ethical":[160],"imagination":[161],"age":[164],"AI.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-26T00:00:00"}