{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160593411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796315.3796330","title":"Automated Generation and Refinement of Agile User Stories from Game Design Documents Using Large Language Models","display_name":"Automated Generation and Refinement of Agile User Stories from Game Design Documents Using Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160593411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796315.3796330"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3796315.3796330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796315.3796330","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 9th International Conference on Software Engineering and Information Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796315.3796330","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130017096","display_name":"Wail Khelifa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104914703","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi","ror":"https://ror.org/00y3hzd62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104914703","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wail Khelifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-1326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104914703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135648012","display_name":"Bruno Bouchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8408-3258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104914703","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi","ror":"https://ror.org/00y3hzd62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104914703","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Bouchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8408-3258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104914703"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080016856","display_name":"Gilles Imbeau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104914703","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi","ror":"https://ror.org/00y3hzd62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104914703","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilles Imbeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7938-9482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104914703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104914703"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64223201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"104","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.7609000205993652,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.7609000205993652,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.051600001752376556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.8069000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-story","display_name":"User story","score":0.7261999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.7153000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-usability-engineering","display_name":"Agile usability engineering","score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game-development","display_name":"Video game development","score":0.5054000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-developer","display_name":"Game Developer","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.44029998779296875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.8069000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.762499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11189718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218152","display_name":"User story","level":4,"score":0.7261999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.7153000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36837802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011481","display_name":"Agile usability engineering","level":5,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54276265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061635","display_name":"Video game development","level":3,"score":0.5054000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41826821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844005","display_name":"Game Developer","level":3,"score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6907630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3010535","display_name":"Game design document","level":4,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7591567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093030","display_name":"Game testing","level":5,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142778471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200670","display_name":"Design thinking","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35674477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5519933","display_name":"Game development tool","level":5,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170477896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17039022","display_name":"Ideation","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109347269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753830","display_name":"Game programming","level":5,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161772715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136996","display_name":"User-centered design","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C313442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778556","display_name":"Persona","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143267671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901856","display_name":"User requirements document","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3796315.3796330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796315.3796330","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 9th International Conference on Software Engineering and Information Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3796315.3796330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3796315.3796330","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 9th International Conference on Software Engineering and Information Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2334498876","https://openalex.org/W3124060576","https://openalex.org/W3152892293","https://openalex.org/W3200371507","https://openalex.org/W4214814541","https://openalex.org/W4390268621","https://openalex.org/W4396681154","https://openalex.org/W4405602349","https://openalex.org/W4409287320","https://openalex.org/W4409884391","https://openalex.org/W4409889307","https://openalex.org/W4411057247"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Game":[0],"Design":[1],"Documents":[2],"(GDDs)":[3],"are":[4,57,64,158],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,67,130],"the":[8,26,30,44,47,52,101,139,195,211],"video":[9],"game":[10,35,39],"industry":[11],"to":[12,22,76,99,161,209],"capture":[13],"gameplay":[14],"mechanics,":[15],"narratives,":[16],"and":[17,69,96,103,119,127,176,190,216],"user":[18,60,83,106,141],"experiences.":[19],"Often":[20],"compared":[21],"a":[23,120,206],"movie":[24],"script,":[25],"GDD":[27],"serves":[28],"as":[29,59,82],"central":[31],"planning":[32,49],"document":[33],"for":[34],"development.":[36],"In":[37],"modern":[38],"production,":[40],"which":[41,72],"typically":[42],"follows":[43],"Agile":[45,79,153,199],"framework,":[46],"primary":[48],"artifact":[50],"is":[51,143],"Product":[53],"Backlog,":[54],"where":[55],"features":[56],"expressed":[58],"stories.":[61,84],"However,":[62],"GDDs":[63,174],"often":[65],"rich":[66],"narrative":[68,202],"loosely":[70],"structured,":[71],"makes":[73],"it":[74],"challenging":[75],"systematically":[77],"extract":[78],"artifacts":[80],"such":[81],"This":[85],"paper":[86],"presents":[87],"an":[88,147],"approach":[89],"that":[90,179],"leverages":[91],"Large":[92],"Language":[93],"Models":[94],"(LLMs)":[95],"prompt":[97,180],"engineering":[98,217],"automate":[100],"generation":[102,132],"refinement":[104,156,181],"of":[105,138,197],"stories":[107,142],"from":[108,201],"GDDs.":[109],"We":[110],"apply":[111],"three":[112],"prompting":[113],"strategies":[114,157],"Chain-of-Thought":[115],"(CoT),":[116],"Refine-and-Thought":[117],"(RaT),":[118],"Hybrid":[121],"variant":[122],"using":[123,145],"two":[124],"LLMs":[125],"(ChatGPT":[126],"DeepSeek),":[128],"resulting":[129],"six":[131],"pipelines":[133],"per":[134],"GDD.":[135],"The":[136],"quality":[137,164],"generated":[140],"evaluated":[144],"AQUSA,":[146],"automated":[148],"assessment":[149],"framework":[150],"based":[151,165],"on":[152,166,171],"criteria.":[154],"Prompt":[155],"then":[159],"applied":[160],"improve":[162],"story":[163],"AQUSA":[167],"feedback.":[168],"Experiments":[169],"conducted":[170],"eight":[172],"diverse":[173],"(commercial":[175],"academic)":[177],"show":[178],"eliminates":[182],"all":[183],"previously":[184],"observed":[185],"defects,":[186],"including":[187],"minimality,":[188],"atomicity,":[189],"uniformity.":[191],"Our":[192],"findings":[193],"highlight":[194],"feasibility":[196],"automating":[198],"documentation":[200],"design":[203],"sources,":[204],"offering":[205],"scalable":[207],"solution":[208],"bridge":[210],"gap":[212],"between":[213],"creative":[214],"ideation":[215],"requirements.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-05-09T00:00:00"}
