{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125759295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3789670","title":"A Co-optimization Framework for Multi-layer Design Rule Constraints","display_name":"A Co-optimization Framework for Multi-layer Design Rule Constraints","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125759295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3789670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3789670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3789670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3789670","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045304391","display_name":"Guohao Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0810-1419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6164-4731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6164-4731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066750673","display_name":"Xingyu Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9057-9172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9057-9172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123851827","display_name":"Peng Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086149","display_name":"Standard Bio (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njcfy31","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086149"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai LEDA Technology Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-0976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai LEDA Technology Co., Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianli Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6773-6248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianli Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6773-6248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025126635","display_name":"Zhifeng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5881-2604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuzhou University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5881-2604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07502661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.621399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.621399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.10409999638795853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11338","display_name":"Advancements in Photolithography Techniques","score":0.07739999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5924999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legalization","display_name":"Legalization","score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4564000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.367900013923645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.760200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5924999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778506969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940525","display_name":"Legalization","level":2,"score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4564000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905592","display_name":"Filler (materials)","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44616089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30158686","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88611116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957004","display_name":"Trim","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11414","display_name":"Subnetwork","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3789670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3789670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3789670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3789670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7541616559028625,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1835808262","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u7f13\u51b2\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u9a71\u52a8\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u5e03\u5c40\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"2024J01363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3495785756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92373207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974376306","https://openalex.org/W1985878162","https://openalex.org/W2022147648","https://openalex.org/W2067939252","https://openalex.org/W2107458461","https://openalex.org/W2126301723","https://openalex.org/W2343563746","https://openalex.org/W2398997130","https://openalex.org/W2584186471","https://openalex.org/W2884772258","https://openalex.org/W3093788071","https://openalex.org/W3122795190","https://openalex.org/W4235035338","https://openalex.org/W4254095899","https://openalex.org/W4280546382","https://openalex.org/W4386763712","https://openalex.org/W4386764043","https://openalex.org/W4406754740","https://openalex.org/W4409282664","https://openalex.org/W4411713655"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compliance":[0],"with":[1,43,181,204],"design":[2,27],"rule":[3,28],"constraints":[4,39,52,65],"constitutes":[5],"a":[6,83,89,107,129,134,161,168,178],"fundamental":[7],"prerequisite":[8],"for":[9,23,158],"successful":[10],"fabrication":[11],"in":[12,40,53,66,110,146],"advanced":[13],"integrated":[14,176],"circuit":[15],"design.":[16],"As":[17],"foundries":[18],"progressively":[19],"introduce":[20],"process-specific":[21],"customization":[22],"better":[24],"performance,":[25],"new":[26],"challenges":[29],"emerge":[30],"across":[31,187],"the":[32,41,48,54,67,100,111,124,147,199,208],"device":[33],"layers,":[34],"such":[35,63,81],"as":[36,82,128],"implant":[37],"layer":[38,51],"designs":[42],"multiple":[44],"threshold":[45],"voltages,":[46],"and":[47,88,113,132,167,207],"trim":[49],"poly":[50],"self-aligned":[55],"double":[56],"patterning":[57],"(SADP).":[58],"Conventional":[59],"methodologies":[60],"typically":[61],"address":[62],"topological":[64],"legalization":[68,112,148],"stage.":[69,149],"In":[70],"addition,":[71],"filler":[72,96,114,125],"insertion":[73,97,115,126],"during":[74],"chip":[75,86],"finishing":[76],"serves":[77],"to":[78,118,143,184],"improve":[79],"manufacturability,":[80],"more":[84,90],"uniform":[85],"surface":[87],"robust":[91],"power":[92],"integrity.":[93],"However,":[94],"improper":[95],"might":[98],"undermine":[99],"previous":[101],"legalized":[102],"layout.":[103],"This":[104],"work":[105,206],"presents":[106],"co-optimization":[108,179],"framework":[109],"stage,":[116],"adaptable":[117],"multi-layer":[119],"constraint":[120],"scenarios.":[121],"We":[122],"model":[123],"problem":[127],"multi-branch":[130],"tree":[131],"develop":[133],"dynamic":[135],"programming-based":[136],"pre-pruning":[137],"algorithm,":[138],"which":[139],"is":[140],"also":[141],"able":[142],"detect":[144],"violations":[145,202],"To":[150],"reduce":[151,198],"runtime,":[152],"two":[153],"violation":[154],"detectors":[155],"are":[156,174],"introduced":[157],"legalization,":[159],"including":[160],"look-up":[162],"table":[163],"(LUT)":[164],"inference":[165],"method":[166],"greedy":[169],"scanning":[170],"algorithm.":[171],"These":[172],"components":[173],"systematically":[175],"into":[177],"framework,":[180],"configurable":[182],"parameterization":[183],"ensure":[185],"scalability":[186],"diverse":[188],"constraints.":[189],"Experimental":[190],"results":[191],"show":[192],"that":[193],"our":[194],"algorithm":[195],"can":[196],"significantly":[197],"number":[200],"of":[201],"compared":[203],"state-of-the-art":[205],"commercial":[209],"tool.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2026-01-27T00:00:00"}