{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124145495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788284","title":"Function Calling in Large Language Models: Industrial Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions","display_name":"Function Calling in Large Language Models: Industrial Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124145495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3788284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788284","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122503050","display_name":"Maolin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maolin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-0172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040965546","display_name":"Yingyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9062-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9062-3428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bowen Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5127-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5127-8195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123030954","display_name":"Bingguang Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingguang Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3705-7997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022601945","display_name":"Cunyin Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunyin Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9143-9363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yicheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-9320"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-9320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123012892","display_name":"Wei Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1564-8515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinjie Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7596-4945"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinjie Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7596-4945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chenyi Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1891-5666"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyi Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1891-5666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122995805","display_name":"Ruocheng Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruocheng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unaffliated"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-6142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unaffliated","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123023092","display_name":"Wanyu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-0707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123035900","display_name":"Xiangyu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2926-4416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96182203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8551999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8551999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.6863999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swift","display_name":"Swift","score":0.3504999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8626000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6863999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.544700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116188536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17118377","display_name":"Swift","level":2,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131806220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852705","display_name":"Evaluation function","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3788284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3788284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.536471426486969,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318398","display_name":"Ant Group","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963935794","https://openalex.org/W2964222246","https://openalex.org/W4285294723","https://openalex.org/W4383108457","https://openalex.org/W4387321091","https://openalex.org/W4388626886","https://openalex.org/W4390874280","https://openalex.org/W4392633891","https://openalex.org/W4393065402","https://openalex.org/W4393147158","https://openalex.org/W4395112660","https://openalex.org/W4396843671"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115,128,154],"swift":[1],"evolution":[2],"of":[3,117,221,263],"Large":[4],"Language":[5],"Models":[6],"(LLMs)":[7],"like":[8],"the":[9,62,139,152,218,268],"GPT":[10],"family,":[11],"LLaMA,":[12],"ChatGLM,":[13],"and":[14,39,75,93,112,126,134,150,161,180,190,205,232,242,251,267],"Qwen":[15],"represents":[16],"significant":[17],"progress":[18],"in":[19,27,41,52,224,254],"artificial":[20],"intelligence":[21],"research.":[22],"Despite":[23],"their":[24],"remarkable":[25],"capabilities":[26],"generating":[28],"content,":[29],"these":[30,57],"models":[31,70],"encounter":[32],"substantial":[33],"challenges":[34],"when":[35,45],"producing":[36],"structured":[37],"outputs":[38],"engaging":[40],"dynamic":[42],"interactions,":[43],"particularly":[44,237],"they":[46],"need":[47],"to":[48,71,86,175,192,273],"retrieve":[49],"external":[50,87],"information":[51],"real":[53],"time.":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"limitations,":[58],"researchers":[59],"have":[60,185],"developed":[61],"\u201cFunction":[63],"Calling\u201d":[64],"paradigm.":[65],"This":[66,97,214],"approach":[67],"enables":[68],"language":[69],"analyze":[72],"user":[73],"inquiries":[74],"engage":[76],"with":[77],"defined":[78],"functions,":[79],"thereby":[80],"facilitating":[81],"precise":[82],"responses":[83],"through":[84],"connections":[85],"sources,":[88],"including":[89,197],"databases,":[90],"programming":[91],"interfaces,":[92],"live":[94],"data":[95],"streams.":[96],"functionality":[98],"has":[99],"been":[100],"successfully":[101],"implemented":[102],"across":[103],"numerous":[104],"sectors":[105],"such":[106,209],"as":[107,210],"finance":[108],"analytics,":[109],"healthcare":[110],"systems,":[111],"service":[113],"operations.":[114],"implementation":[116],"function":[118,135,144,194,222],"calling":[119,195,223],"comprises":[120],"three":[121],"essential":[122],"phases:":[123],"preparation,":[124],"execution,":[125,138],"processing.":[127],"preparation":[129],"phase":[130,156,166],"encompasses":[131],"query":[132],"analysis":[133],"identification.":[136],"During":[137],"system":[140],"evaluates":[141],"whether":[142],"a":[143,260],"is":[145],"necessary,":[146],"extracts":[147],"relevant":[148],"parameters,":[149],"oversees":[151],"operation.":[153],"processing":[155],"concentrates":[157],"on":[158,239],"analyzing":[159,226],"outcomes":[160],"crafting":[162],"appropriate":[163],"responses.":[164],"Each":[165],"presents":[167],"unique":[168],"difficulties,":[169],"ranging":[170],"from":[171],"accurately":[172],"selecting":[173],"functions":[174],"managing":[176],"complex":[177],"parameter":[178,202],"extraction":[179,203],"ensuring":[181],"reliable":[182],"execution.":[183],"Researchers":[184],"established":[186],"various":[187],"evaluation":[188,212,234],"frameworks":[189],"metrics":[191],"assess":[193],"performance,":[196],"success":[198],"rates,":[199],"computational":[200],"efficiency,":[201],"accuracy,":[204],"response":[206],"quality":[207],"indicators":[208],"ROUGE-L":[211],"scores.":[213],"survey":[215],"systematically":[216],"reviews":[217],"current":[219,249],"landscape":[220],"LLMs,":[225],"technical":[227],"challenges,":[228],"examining":[229],"existing":[230],"solutions,":[231],"discussing":[233],"methodologies.":[235],"We":[236],"focus":[238],"practical":[240],"implementations":[241],"industrial":[243],"applications,":[244],"providing":[245],"insights":[246],"into":[247],"both":[248],"achievements":[250],"future":[252],"directions":[253],"this":[255],"rapidly":[256],"evolving":[257],"field.":[258],"For":[259],"comprehensive":[261],"collection":[262],"related":[264],"research":[265],"papers":[266],"Appendix":[269],"file,":[270],"please":[271],"refer":[272],"our":[274],"repository":[275],"at":[276],"GitHub.":[277],"1":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-01-15T00:00:00"}
