{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161775219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788049","title":"Digital Spirituality in Mainland China: Understanding Online Practices for Designing Culturally Relevant Spiritual Experiences CSCW013","display_name":"Digital Spirituality in Mainland China: Understanding Online Practices for Designing Culturally Relevant Spiritual Experiences CSCW013","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161775219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3788049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788049","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015830444","display_name":"Zhuying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5474-6949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100356","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/018f7hf93","country_code":"CL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100356"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications (Southeast University), Ministry of Education","School of Computer Science and Engineering","Southeast University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5474-6949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications (Southeast University), Ministry of Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100356"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136559665","display_name":"Ziteng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9254-445X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziteng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering","Southeast University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9254-445X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009181668","display_name":"Xin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8188-7576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131307","display_name":"Institute of Behavioral Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03c6bf397","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["JP","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science","National Institute of Informatics (NII)","University of Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8188-7576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics (NII)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060536909","display_name":"Y Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801239119","display_name":"Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02qa5kg76","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801037857","https://openalex.org/I2801239119","https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80018011","display_name":"Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/015eybs17","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80018011"]}],"countries":["AU","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exertion Games Lab","Monash University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-9538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exertion Games Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80018011"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801239119","https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67661835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13277","display_name":"Media, Religion, Digital Communication","score":0.6496000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13277","display_name":"Media, Religion, Digital Communication","score":0.6496000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.10830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10509","display_name":"Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology","score":0.023800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spirituality","display_name":"Spirituality","score":0.8185999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociotechnical-system","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grounded-theory","display_name":"Grounded theory","score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiritual-practice","display_name":"Spiritual practice","score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainland","display_name":"Mainland","score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-diversity","display_name":"Cultural diversity","score":0.33149999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514793146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168796","display_name":"Spirituality","level":3,"score":0.8185999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776519999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270606","display_name":"Spiritual practice","level":4,"score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140140","display_name":"Mainland","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107029721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19188","display_name":"Mainland China","level":3,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019221131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55621107","display_name":"Lived experience","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779344036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11320476","display_name":"Digital content","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846516","display_name":"Digital storytelling","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780102126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10928179","display_name":"Online and offline","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780238192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168796","display_name":"Spiritual development","level":4,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108305163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143210","display_name":"Religious experience","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3788049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3788049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3788049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W896038746","https://openalex.org/W1948289420","https://openalex.org/W1975000983","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1987072967","https://openalex.org/W2007324048","https://openalex.org/W2010636873","https://openalex.org/W2032168990","https://openalex.org/W2041868141","https://openalex.org/W2062208357","https://openalex.org/W2067474626","https://openalex.org/W2085681572","https://openalex.org/W2088881647","https://openalex.org/W2142174563","https://openalex.org/W2171168025","https://openalex.org/W2300567117","https://openalex.org/W2346005651","https://openalex.org/W2466053679","https://openalex.org/W2613518293","https://openalex.org/W2765922534","https://openalex.org/W2808512364","https://openalex.org/W2898130795","https://openalex.org/W2905196787","https://openalex.org/W2943697915","https://openalex.org/W2947529192","https://openalex.org/W2951716799","https://openalex.org/W3086271076","https://openalex.org/W3088746539","https://openalex.org/W3094607757","https://openalex.org/W3120070483","https://openalex.org/W3127665007","https://openalex.org/W3132592535","https://openalex.org/W3158573415","https://openalex.org/W3163205592","https://openalex.org/W3173766342","https://openalex.org/W3195397259","https://openalex.org/W4225103647","https://openalex.org/W4225154064","https://openalex.org/W4255702065","https://openalex.org/W4283689382","https://openalex.org/W4283701171","https://openalex.org/W4283701546","https://openalex.org/W4292542163","https://openalex.org/W4309618180","https://openalex.org/W4313567457","https://openalex.org/W4366549828","https://openalex.org/W4389203870","https://openalex.org/W4389868928","https://openalex.org/W4390292149","https://openalex.org/W4390579355","https://openalex.org/W4391210183","https://openalex.org/W4391882882","https://openalex.org/W4391991388","https://openalex.org/W4396832296","https://openalex.org/W4396952845","https://openalex.org/W4399428710","https://openalex.org/W4400142535","https://openalex.org/W4400206502","https://openalex.org/W4400360383","https://openalex.org/W4409689381","https://openalex.org/W4409747833","https://openalex.org/W4412578030","https://openalex.org/W4413520310"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiritual":[0],"engagement":[1,159],"is":[2,10],"increasingly":[3],"mediated":[4],"by":[5,148],"digital":[6,125],"platforms,":[7,83],"yet":[8],"little":[9],"known":[11],"about":[12],"how":[13,69,152],"this":[14,47],"shift":[15],"unfolds":[16],"in":[17,123,160],"non-Western":[18],"contexts.":[19,163],"In":[20,46],"mainland":[21],"China,":[22],"individuals":[23],"are":[24],"turning":[25],"to":[26,35,67,100,145],"online":[27,73,140],"social":[28],"platforms":[29],"like":[30],"Douyin,":[31],"WeChat,":[32],"and":[33,43,86,103,116,121,143],"Xiaohongshu":[34],"access":[36],"spiritual":[37,74,108,114,126,141],"content":[38,84],"that":[39,54],"blends":[40],"religious,":[41],"cultural,":[42],"philosophical":[44],"traditions.":[45],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,132],"present":[50],"a":[51,56,110],"mixed-methods":[52],"study":[53],"combines":[55],"survey":[57,77],"(N":[58,64],"=":[59,65],"207)":[60],"with":[61,72,113],"in-depth":[62],"interviews":[63,90],"16)":[66],"examine":[68],"users":[70],"engage":[71],"content.":[75],"The":[76],"outlines":[78],"general":[79],"usage":[80],"patterns":[81],"across":[82],"types,":[85],"motivations,":[87],"while":[88],"the":[89,95,106,124],"reveal":[91],"four":[92],"key":[93],"themes:":[94],"pragmatic":[96],"use":[97],"of":[98,151],"spirituality":[99],"navigate":[101],"emotional":[102],"material":[104],"challenges;":[105],"flexible":[107],"engagement;":[109],"cultural":[111,162],"reconnection":[112],"heritage;":[115],"concerns":[117],"over":[118],"trust,":[119],"authenticity,":[120],"regulation":[122],"landscape.":[127],"Based":[128],"on":[129],"these":[130],"findings,":[131],"offer":[133],"design":[134],"implications":[135],"for":[136],"creating":[137],"culturally":[138],"grounded":[139],"experiences":[142],"contribute":[144],"HCI":[146],"literature":[147],"advancing":[149],"understanding":[150],"sociotechnical":[153],"systems":[154],"can":[155],"support":[156],"spiritually":[157],"meaningful":[158],"diverse":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}