{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415220943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787490","title":"wa-hls4ml: A Benchmark and Surrogate Models for hls4ml Resource and Latency Estimation","display_name":"wa-hls4ml: A Benchmark and Surrogate Models for hls4ml Resource and Latency Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415220943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3787490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"report","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2998405","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056558122","display_name":"Benjamin Hawks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-0288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Hawks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermilab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermilab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Columbia U.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Columbia U.","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC, San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"UC, San Diego","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"UC, San Diego","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC, San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Johns Hopkins U.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johns Hopkins U.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermilab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermilab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sherbrooke U.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039338","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02wt5sv47","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039338"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherbrooke U.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I4390039338"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"CERN","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097729","display_name":"Sherbrooke O.E.M (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0dbz25","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CERN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sherbrooke U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sherbrooke U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807","https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108885728","display_name":"Jason Weitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6315-3562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097729","display_name":"Sherbrooke O.E.M (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0dbz25","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Weitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC, San Diego","Sherbrooke U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sherbrooke U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807","https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093487524","display_name":"Dmitri Demler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9453-9755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097729","display_name":"Sherbrooke O.E.M (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0dbz25","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitri Demler","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC, San Diego","Sherbrooke U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sherbrooke U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807","https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114440324","display_name":"Karla Tame-Narvaez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karla Tame-Narvaez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermilab","Columbia U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermilab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia U","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106377624","display_name":"Dennis Plotnikov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-8226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039338","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02wt5sv47","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039338"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Plotnikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins U","UC, San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I4390039338"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021903563","display_name":"Mohammad Mehdi Rahimifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6582-8322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097729","display_name":"Sherbrooke O.E.M (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0dbz25","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rahimifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sherbrooke U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sherbrooke U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807","https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058358701","display_name":"Hilal Rahali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-3445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097729","display_name":"Sherbrooke O.E.M (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0dbz25","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Rahali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sherbrooke U","UC, San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sherbrooke U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807","https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090286050","display_name":"Audrey Corbeil Therrien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-8400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097729","display_name":"Sherbrooke O.E.M (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0dbz25","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Audrey Therrien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sherbrooke U","Fermilab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sherbrooke U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807","https://openalex.org/I4210097729"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermilab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120013138","display_name":"Donovan Sproule","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donovan Sproule","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia U","Fermilab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia U","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermilab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101881065","display_name":"E. E. Khoda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham Khoda","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC, San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Keegan Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keegan Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028382266","display_name":"Russell D. Marroquin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-7463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell Marroquin","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC, San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079644832","display_name":"Giuseppe Di Guglielmo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-1432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Di Guglielmo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermilab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermilab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633147","display_name":"Nhan Viet Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8440-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhan Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermilab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermilab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100747243","display_name":"J. Duarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-7096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Duarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC, San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039731897","display_name":"Vladimir Lon\u010dar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3651-0232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Loncar","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":21,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1336636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9164999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9164999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7760999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7480999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.633899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percentile","display_name":"Percentile","score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surrogate-model","display_name":"Surrogate model","score":0.3878999948501587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7760999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7480999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7217000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.633899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131675550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646884","display_name":"Surrogate model","level":2,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58013763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754574","display_name":"High-level synthesis","level":3,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3787490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2172/2998405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/2998405","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2998405","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fermi National Accelerator  Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.05615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05615","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.05615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:2948975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/2948975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402194","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/2998405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/2998405","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2998405","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fermi National Accelerator  Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2091642509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FG-2023-20452","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","funder_display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3764691305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"950-232805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","funder_display_name":"Canada Research Chairs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5211103837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KA2401045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/052csg198"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333677","display_name":"Office of the President, University of California","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415220943.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415220943.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(ML)":[3],"is":[4],"increasingly":[5],"implemented":[6],"in":[7,13,60],"hardware":[8,54],"to":[9,27,75],"address":[10],"real-time":[11],"challenges":[12],"scientific":[14,144],"applications,":[15],"the":[16,24,61,128,150,157,177,182,187,195,202,206],"development":[17],"of":[18,64,85,107,130,156,181,201],"advanced":[19],"toolchains":[20],"has":[21],"significantly":[22],"reduced":[23],"time":[25],"required":[26],"iterate":[28],"on":[29,205],"various":[30],"designs.":[31,65],"These":[32],"advancements":[33],"have":[34,72],"solved":[35],"major":[36],"obstacles,":[37],"but":[38],"also":[39],"exposed":[40],"new":[41],"challenges.":[42],"For":[43],"example,":[44],"processes":[45],"that":[46,81,167,186],"were":[47],"not":[48],"previously":[49],"considered":[50],"bottlenecks,":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53,146],"synthesis,":[55],"are":[56],"becoming":[57],"limiting":[58],"factors":[59],"rapid":[62],"iteration":[63],"To":[66],"mitigate":[67],"these":[68],"emerging":[69],"constraints,":[70],"multipleefforts":[71],"been":[73],"undertaken":[74],"develop":[76],"an":[77],"ML-based":[78],"surrogate":[79,165],"model":[80,139],"estimates":[82],"resource":[83,98,131],"usage":[84],"synthesized":[86,118,203],"ML":[87,96,138,173],"accelerator":[88,97],"architectures.":[89],"We":[90,175],"introduce":[91,161],"wa-hls4ml,":[92],"a":[93,154],"benchmark":[94,126],"for":[95,172,194],"and":[99,102,113,121,132,149,163,170,179,184,192],"latency":[100,133,169,191],"estimation,":[101],"its":[103],"corresponding":[104],"initial":[105],"dataset":[106],"over":[108],"680":[109],"000":[110],"fully":[111],"connected":[112],"convolutional":[114],"neural":[115],"networks,":[116],"all":[117],"using":[119],"hls4ml":[120],"targeting":[122],"Xilinx":[123],"FPGAs.":[124],"The":[125],"evaluates":[127],"performance":[129,152,180],"predictors":[134],"against":[135],"several":[136,199],"common":[137],"architectures,":[140],"primarily":[141],"originating":[142],"from":[143],"domains,":[145],"exemplar":[147],"models,":[148],"average":[151],"across":[153],"subset":[155],"dataset.":[158,209],"Additionally,":[159],"we":[160],"GNN-":[162],"transformer-based":[164],"models":[166,183,188],"predict":[168,190],"resources":[171,193,204],"accelerators.":[174],"present":[176],"architecture":[178],"find":[185],"generally":[189],"75%":[196],"percentile":[197],"within":[198],"percent":[200],"synthetic":[207],"test":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}