{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155609962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787279.3787280","title":"Evaluating the Impact of Background Complexity on Deep Learning Model Performance","display_name":"Evaluating the Impact of Background Complexity on Deep Learning Model Performance","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155609962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787279.3787280"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3787279.3787280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787279.3787280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 9th International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787279.3787280","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080343133","display_name":"Hira Batool","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hira Batool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2741-5175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012648167","display_name":"Muhammad Abu Bakr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143942","display_name":"National University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e21fw44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143942"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abu Bakr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, National University of Technology, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3515-3079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, National University of Technology, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084254025","display_name":"Sultan Daud Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7406-8441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45998257","display_name":"Sohar University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ftvf862","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45998257"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sultan Daud Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and IT, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman, Oman"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7406-8441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and IT, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45998257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82612307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.642300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5333999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3982999920845032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7792999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6532999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.642300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6279000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5333999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3787279.3787280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787279.3787280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 9th International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3787279.3787280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3787279.3787280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 9th International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7401637434959412}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1076788899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20-17332/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322799","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322799","display_name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","ror":"https://ror.org/038y3sz68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2913500366","https://openalex.org/W3205373953","https://openalex.org/W4315881056","https://openalex.org/W4382073525","https://openalex.org/W4386027735","https://openalex.org/W4387262230","https://openalex.org/W4390342160","https://openalex.org/W4392939981","https://openalex.org/W4393006197","https://openalex.org/W4394813175","https://openalex.org/W4394927685","https://openalex.org/W4399525678","https://openalex.org/W4401327831","https://openalex.org/W4402532290","https://openalex.org/W4402923876","https://openalex.org/W4408860073","https://openalex.org/W4408860107","https://openalex.org/W4412631324"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,85],"models":[2],"often":[3],"excel":[4],"in":[5,14,144,166],"controlled":[6],"settings,":[7],"yet":[8],"their":[9],"accuracy":[10,95],"can":[11],"drop":[12],"sharply":[13],"real-world":[15,167],"agricultural":[16],"environments":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,68],"background":[20,29,61,74,99],"noise":[21],"and":[22,47,62,89,122,148],"visual":[23,110],"clutter.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"examines":[27],"how":[28],"complexity":[30,100],"affects":[31],"classification":[32,94,161],"performance":[33],"using":[34,81],"the":[35,71,145,155],"DiaMOS":[36],"pear":[37],"disease":[38,160],"dataset,":[39,56],"which":[40],"includes":[41],"four":[42],"classes:":[43],"spot,":[44],"curl,":[45],"slug,":[46],"healthy.":[48],"We":[49],"created":[50],"two":[51],"additional":[52],"variations":[53],"of":[54,157],"this":[55],"one":[57,63],"with":[58,64,109],"a":[59,65,82],"plain":[60],"blurred":[66],"background,":[67],"compare":[69],"against":[70],"original":[72],"complex":[73,132],"images.":[75],"Three":[76],"different":[77],"architectures":[78],"were":[79],"evaluated":[80],"feature-extraction":[83],"transfer":[84],"approach:":[86],"ResNet-18,":[87],"ConvNeXt-tiny,":[88],"ViT-base.":[90],"Across":[91],"all":[92],"models,":[93],"consistently":[96],"decreased":[97],"as":[98],"increased.":[101],"To":[102],"understand":[103],"why,":[104],"we":[105],"combined":[106],"quantitative":[107],"analysis":[108],"diagnostics,":[111],"including":[112],"Gradient-weighted":[113],"Class":[114],"Activation":[115],"Mapping":[116],"(Grad-CAM),":[117],"Principal":[118],"Component":[119],"Analysis":[120],"(PCA),":[121],"t-Distributed":[123],"Stochastic":[124],"Neighbor":[125],"Embedding":[126],"(t-SNE).":[127],"The":[128],"results":[129],"show":[130],"that":[131,163],"backgrounds":[133],"draw":[134],"model":[135],"attention":[136],"away":[137],"from":[138],"disease-relevant":[139],"features,":[140],"reduce":[141],"class":[142],"separability":[143],"feature":[146],"space,":[147],"ultimately":[149],"lower":[150],"accuracy.":[151],"These":[152],"findings":[153],"underline":[154],"importance":[156],"designing":[158],"plant":[159],"systems":[162],"remain":[164],"robust":[165],"field":[168],"conditions.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-04-26T00:00:00"}
