{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161276909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3786160.3788468","title":"Behind the Quantum Curtain: A practical comparison between SVM and QSVM in OT Anomaly Detection","display_name":"Behind the Quantum Curtain: A practical comparison between SVM and QSVM in OT Anomaly Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161276909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3786160.3788468"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3786160.3788468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3786160.3788468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM/IEEE 7th International Workshop on Engineering and Cybersecurity of Critical Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3786160.3788468","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115505701","display_name":"Alessio Di Santo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Di Santo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0219-534X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136219590","display_name":"Nicola Camarda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3190-8840"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Camarda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3190-8840","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045565535","display_name":"Walter Tiberti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-5031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Tiberti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-5031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038158223","display_name":"Dajana Cassioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-5099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dajana Cassioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-5099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115505701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96209331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"34","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.39469999074935913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.39469999074935913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.09740000218153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.04989999905228615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.795199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.763700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6207000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5508000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.3873000144958496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.795199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.763700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6571999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6207000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5508000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3786160.3788468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3786160.3788468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM/IEEE 7th International Workshop on Engineering and Cybersecurity of Critical Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3786160.3788468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3786160.3788468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM/IEEE 7th International Workshop on Engineering and Cybersecurity of Critical Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172260869","https://openalex.org/W2095649738","https://openalex.org/W3004818995","https://openalex.org/W3126552953","https://openalex.org/W3160275138","https://openalex.org/W4378373526","https://openalex.org/W4388296416","https://openalex.org/W4396235011","https://openalex.org/W4396986598","https://openalex.org/W4404048470","https://openalex.org/W4405754756"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1],"complexity":[2],"of":[3,14,80,94],"cyber":[4],"threats":[5],"targeting":[6],"Cyber-Physical":[7],"Systems":[8],"(CPSs)":[9],"has":[10],"motivated":[11],"the":[12],"adoption":[13],"machine":[15,66],"learning":[16,67],"techniques":[17],"for":[18],"anomaly":[19],"detection":[20,40],"in":[21,50,64],"Operational":[22],"Technology":[23],"(OT)":[24],"networks.":[25],"Classical":[26],"approaches,":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29,75],"Support":[30,71],"Vector":[31,72],"Machines":[32,73],"(SVMs),":[33],"are":[34],"widely":[35],"deployed":[36],"and":[37,55,106],"achieve":[38],"high":[39],"accuracy":[41],"on":[42,96],"large-scale":[43],"datasets;":[44],"however,":[45],"their":[46,89],"performance":[47],"may":[48],"degrade":[49],"data-constrained":[51],"scenarios,":[52],"while":[53],"scalability":[54],"generalization":[56],"remain":[57,100],"open":[58],"challenges.":[59],"In":[60],"parallel,":[61],"recent":[62],"advances":[63],"quantum":[65,86],"have":[68],"introduced":[69],"Quantum":[70],"(QSVMs)":[74],"a":[76],"potential":[77],"alternative,":[78],"capable":[79],"exploiting":[81],"high-dimensional":[82],"feature":[83],"spaces":[84],"through":[85],"kernels.":[87],"Despite":[88],"theoretical":[90],"appeal,":[91],"practical":[92],"evaluations":[93],"QSVMs":[95],"realistic":[97],"cybersecurity":[98],"data":[99],"limited,":[101],"primarily":[102],"due":[103],"to":[104],"computational":[105],"hardware":[107],"constraints.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T06:11:02.277879","created_date":"2026-05-16T00:00:00"}
