{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164923359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785353.3815091","title":"Neutralizing Proactive Defense using Diffusion-based Upsampling","display_name":"Neutralizing Proactive Defense using Diffusion-based Upsampling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164923359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785353.3815091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785353.3815091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785353.3815091","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785353.3815091","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121191476","display_name":"Giuseppe Daidone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Daidone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1923-3250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117395706","display_name":"Filippo Bartolucci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Bartolucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4182-5477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103305818","display_name":"Maria Rosaria Briglia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Rosaria Briglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3083-2961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113284741","display_name":"Mujtaba Hussain Mirza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mujtaba Hussain Mirza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2248-2090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036430028","display_name":"Giuseppe Lisanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0785-9972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Lisanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0785-9972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089059382","display_name":"Iacopo Masi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-7646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iacopo Masi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-7646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94443617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"253","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.09529999643564224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.01489999983459711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7250999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.37950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7250999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785353.3815091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785353.3815091","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1769833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1769833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785353.3815091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785353.3815091","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2153288431","https://openalex.org/W2487365028","https://openalex.org/W2974383094","https://openalex.org/W4405021351","https://openalex.org/W4409985171","https://openalex.org/W4411337932","https://openalex.org/W4414810806","https://openalex.org/W4415538161"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"spread":[2],"of":[3,69,72,87,98],"open-source":[4],"generative":[5,137],"models":[6],"has":[7],"made":[8],"it":[9],"easy":[10],"to":[11,21,44,132],"create":[12],"highly":[13],"realistic":[14,53],"manipulated":[15],"media,":[16],"posing":[17],"a":[18,34,66,80,95],"critical":[19,164],"threat":[20,170],"content":[22,112],"authenticity":[23],"and":[24,54,90,104,136,168,181],"provenance.":[25],"Proactive":[26],"image":[27,76,102,111,134],"protection":[28,77,159,179],"mechanisms":[29],"have":[30],"recently":[31],"emerged":[32],"as":[33],"promising":[35],"defense,":[36],"embedding":[37],"imperceptible":[38],"or":[39],"characteristic":[40],"signals":[41],"into":[42],"images":[43],"enable":[45],"reliable":[46],"manipulation":[47],"detection.":[48],"However,":[49],"their":[50],"robustness":[51,71],"under":[52,124],"adversarial":[55],"post-release":[56],"conditions":[57],"remains":[58],"largely":[59],"unexplored.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"work,":[63],"we":[64,142],"present":[65],"systematic":[67],"evaluation":[68,183],"the":[70,85,151,173],"recent":[73],"state-of-the-art":[74],"proactive":[75,128,178],"schemes":[78],"in":[79,150],"black-box":[81],"setting.":[82],"We":[83],"analyze":[84],"resilience":[86],"PADL":[88],"[6]":[89],"DiffVax":[91],"[20]":[92],"protections":[93],"against":[94],"broad":[96],"range":[97],"attacks,":[99],"including":[100],"classical":[101],"transformations":[103],"diffusion-based":[105,147],"reconstruction":[106,138],"attacks":[107,149],"that":[108,145],"implicitly":[109],"re-synthesize":[110],"while":[113],"preserving":[114],"perceptual":[115],"quality.":[116],"Our":[117],"results":[118],"reveal":[119],"that,":[120],"despite":[121],"strong":[122],"performance":[123],"limited":[125],"perturbations,":[126],"current":[127],"defenses":[129],"are":[130],"vulnerable":[131],"unseen":[133],"manipulations":[135],"attacks.":[139],"Considering":[140],"PADL,":[141],"empirically":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"adding":[146],"upsampling":[148],"training":[152],"does":[153],"not":[154],"improve":[155],"robustness,":[156],"without":[157],"increasing":[158],"intensity.":[160],"These":[161],"findings":[162],"expose":[163],"gaps":[165],"between":[166],"assumed":[167],"real-world":[169],"models,":[171],"highlighting":[172],"need":[174],"for":[175,185],"more":[176],"robust":[177],"designs":[180],"standardized":[182],"protocols":[184],"trustworthy":[186],"digital":[187],"media.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T06:18:53.044164","created_date":"2026-06-17T00:00:00"}