{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133336932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785126","title":"Modeling Grammatical Hypothesis Testing in Young Learners: A Sequence-Based Learning Analytics Study of Morphosyntactic Reasoning in an Interactive Game","display_name":"Modeling Grammatical Hypothesis Testing in Young Learners: A Sequence-Based Learning Analytics Study of Morphosyntactic Reasoning in an Interactive Game","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133336932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785126"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785126","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005229796","display_name":"Thierry Geoffre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-2310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154338468","display_name":"University of Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/022fs9h90","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["CH","LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thierry Geoffre","raw_affiliation_strings":["FHSE - Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","Institut de Plurilinguisme - Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-2310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FHSE - Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Plurilinguisme - Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121000755","display_name":"Trystan Geoffre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154338468","display_name":"University of Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/022fs9h90","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["CH","LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trystan Geoffre","raw_affiliation_strings":["FHSE - Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","Institut de Plurilinguisme - Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2481-0982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FHSE - Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Plurilinguisme - Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005229796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468","https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39294262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"643","last_page":"652"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.2467000037431717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.2467000037431717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.17649999260902405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.050700001418590546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verb","display_name":"Verb","score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"Learning analytics","score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.3596999943256378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5813000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24905","display_name":"Verb","level":2,"score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207551092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508969","display_name":"Cognitive linguistics","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2603.02084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.02084","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.02084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8823665976524353}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,108],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"grammatical":[3,76],"reasoning":[4],"in":[5,26,63,132,163],"primary":[6],"school":[7],"learners":[8,110],"through":[9],"a":[10,42,155],"sequence-based":[11,145],"learning":[12],"analytics":[13,146],"approach,":[14],"leveraging":[15],"fine-grained":[16],"action":[17,101],"sequences":[18,102],"from":[19,58,104],"an":[20],"interactive":[21],"game":[22],"targeting":[23],"morphosyntactic":[24],"agreement":[25],"French.":[27],"Unlike":[28],"traditional":[29],"assessments":[30],"that":[31,91],"rely":[32],"on":[33],"final":[34],"answers,":[35],"we":[36,67],"treat":[37],"each":[38],"slider":[39],"movement":[40],"as":[41],"hypothesis-testing":[43],"action,":[44],"capturing":[45],"real-time":[46,158],"cognitive":[47],"strategies":[48],"during":[49],"sentence":[50],"construction.":[51],"Analyzing":[52],"597":[53],"gameplay":[54],"sessions":[55],"(9,783":[56],"actions)":[57],"100":[59],"students":[60],"aged":[61],"8\u201311":[62],"authentic":[64],"classroom":[65],"settings,":[66],"introduce":[68],"Hamming":[69],"distance":[70],"to":[71,74],"quantify":[72],"proximity":[73],"valid":[75,135],"solutions":[77,123],"and":[78,93,116,126,160],"examine":[79],"convergence":[80],"patterns":[81],"across":[82],"exercises":[83],"with":[84,100,121],"varying":[85],"levels":[86],"of":[87,98,151],"difficulty.":[88],"Results":[89],"reveal":[90],"determiners":[92],"verbs":[94],"are":[95],"key":[96],"sites":[97],"difficulty,":[99],"deviating":[103],"left-to-right":[105],"usual":[106],"treatment.":[107],"suggests":[109],"often":[111],"fix":[112],"the":[113,133],"verb":[114],"first":[115],"adjust":[117],"preceding":[118],"elements.":[119],"Exercises":[120],"fewer":[122],"exhibit":[124],"slower":[125],"more":[127],"erratic":[128],"convergence,":[129],"while":[130],"changes":[131],"closest":[134],"solution":[136],"indicate":[137],"dynamic":[138],"hypothesis":[139],"revision.":[140],"Our":[141],"findings":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"how":[144],"can":[147],"uncover":[148],"hidden":[149],"dimensions":[150],"linguistic":[152],"reasoning,":[153],"offering":[154],"foundation":[156],"for":[157],"scaffolding":[159],"teacher-facing":[161],"tools":[162],"linguistically":[164],"diverse":[165],"classrooms.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T06:07:20.044499","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}