{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155649753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785106","title":"Data-Driven Evaluation of LLM-Based Ontology Concept Extraction from Programming Learning Content","display_name":"Data-Driven Evaluation of LLM-Based Ontology Concept Extraction from Programming Learning Content","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155649753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785106"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785106","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039370190","display_name":"Rully Agus Hendrawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-0305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166843116","display_name":"Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kbmmt89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166843116"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rully Agus Hendrawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA and Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-0305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA and Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166843116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118141192","display_name":"Rafaella Sampaio de Alencar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafaella Sampaio de Alencar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0099-5446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134596938","display_name":"Alice Micheli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3324-1509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Micheli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3324-1509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037674585","display_name":"Peter Brusilovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1902-1464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Brusilovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1902-1464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001255539","display_name":"Jordan Barria-Pineda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-4818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130035786","display_name":"University Ucinf","ror":"https://ror.org/02cs9pv18","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130035786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I911713783","display_name":"Universidad Diego Portales","ror":"https://ror.org/03gtdcg60","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I911713783"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan Barria-Pineda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Inform\u00e1tica y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile and School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-4818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Inform\u00e1tica y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile and School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130035786","https://openalex.org/I911713783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024385593","display_name":"Sergey Sosnovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-1770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey Sosnovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-1770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039370190"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166843116"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95882466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"526","last_page":"535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.10980000346899033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.10980000346899033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.07270000129938126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.07079999893903732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5785999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-learning","display_name":"Ontology learning","score":0.5407000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-acquisition","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","score":0.396699994802475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5785999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777002027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620938","display_name":"Ontology learning","level":5,"score":0.5407000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92548554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2262868","display_name":"Domain model","level":3,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200287777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830115","display_name":"Concept map","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776509796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276056","display_name":"Content creation","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48164120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4491893","display_name":"Concept learning","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84685590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540472","display_name":"Knowledge engineering","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6885210275650024,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4129209600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HCC-2426839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2710505","https://openalex.org/W1533631669","https://openalex.org/W1538883624","https://openalex.org/W1552847225","https://openalex.org/W1765030997","https://openalex.org/W1944170527","https://openalex.org/W1968332217","https://openalex.org/W1978081087","https://openalex.org/W2104450605","https://openalex.org/W2124436241","https://openalex.org/W2129354846","https://openalex.org/W2512003400","https://openalex.org/W2902284640","https://openalex.org/W2963265326","https://openalex.org/W3034379969","https://openalex.org/W3046692967","https://openalex.org/W3128139448","https://openalex.org/W3133796423","https://openalex.org/W4224318210","https://openalex.org/W4387342098","https://openalex.org/W4391426565","https://openalex.org/W4392484147","https://openalex.org/W4399378773","https://openalex.org/W4407681648","https://openalex.org/W4408614890","https://openalex.org/W4411279122","https://openalex.org/W4414320956"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,128],"process":[1,66,91,147],"of":[2,5,21,42,45,52,104,110,119,154,167,195],"associating":[3],"elements":[4],"learning":[6,57,65,80,126],"content":[7,14,58,81,201],"with":[8,55,101],"concepts":[9],"or":[10],"skills":[11],"that":[12,92],"this":[13,132,136],"helps":[15],"students":[16],"to":[17,62,135],"master":[18],"is":[19,85,148],"one":[20,178],"the":[22,36,40,50,64,102,108,155,168,192,197],"critical":[23],"steps":[24],"in":[25,71,131],"developing":[26],"personalized":[27],"educational":[28,183],"systems.":[29],"When":[30],"these":[31,77],"associations":[32],"are":[33],"properly":[34],"established,":[35],"system":[37],"can":[38],"infer":[39],"growth":[41],"student":[43],"understanding":[44],"separate":[46],"knowledge":[47,83,105],"components":[48,84],"from":[49,124],"logs":[51],"their":[53],"interactions":[54],"associated":[56],"and":[59,82,89,189],"use":[60],"it":[61],"adapt":[63],"accordingly":[67],"by":[68,98,150],"targeting":[69],"gaps":[70],"individual":[72],"students\u2019":[73],"knowledge.":[74],"Unfortunately,":[75],"crafting":[76],"links":[78],"between":[79],"a":[86,116,151,163],"very":[87],"time-":[88],"expertise-demanding":[90],"has":[93,114],"traditionally":[94],"been":[95],"performed":[96],"manually":[97],"domain":[99,157,199],"experts":[100],"help":[103],"engineers.":[106],"Recently,":[107],"power":[109],"Large":[111],"Language":[112],"Models":[113],"motivated":[115],"new":[117],"generation":[118],"research":[120],"on":[121,180],"concept":[122,145,169],"extraction":[123,146,170],"textual":[125],"content.":[127],"work":[129],"presented":[130],"paper":[133],"contributes":[134],"trend":[137],"while":[138],"introducing":[139],"two":[140,174],"important":[141],"innovations.":[142],"First,":[143],"our":[144],"guided":[149],"human-authored":[152],"ontology":[153],"target":[156,198],"-":[158],"Python":[159],"programming.":[160],"Second,":[161],"alongside":[162],"traditional":[164],"expert":[165],"evaluation":[166],"quality,":[171],"we":[172],"apply":[173],"additional":[175],"validation":[176],"approaches:":[177],"based":[179],"using":[181],"an":[182],"data":[184],"mining":[185],"technique":[186],"(learning":[187,200],"curves)":[188],"another":[190],"utilizing":[191],"pedagogical":[193],"expertise":[194],"teaching":[196],"placement).":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2026-04-26T00:00:00"}
