{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414790180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785094","title":"From Wandering to Collaboration: Discourse Patterns in Middle School Generative AI Use","display_name":"From Wandering to Collaboration: Discourse Patterns in Middle School Generative AI Use","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414790180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785094","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046519360","display_name":"Daniel Ritchie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-8882"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ritchie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-8882","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103220579","display_name":"Nia Dowell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-8947"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nia Dowell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078893954","display_name":"Tamara Tate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-8435"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Powell Tate","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-8435","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074661038","display_name":"Mark Warschauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-4416"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"mark warschauer uci","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-4416","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046519360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29098728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"436","last_page":"446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.7333999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6617000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directive","display_name":"Directive","score":0.49639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation-analysis","display_name":"Conversation analysis","score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.375900000333786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.7333999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6617000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492","display_name":"Directive","level":2,"score":0.49639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780829048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1624720","display_name":"Conversation analysis","level":3,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84389358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129466","display_name":"Discourse analysis","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96961170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623513","display_name":"Transactional analysis","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200380349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290699","display_name":"Situated learning","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"doi:10.35542/osf.io/nctyp_v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/nctyp_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012265254","https://openalex.org/W2154720930","https://openalex.org/W2783517107","https://openalex.org/W2943485487","https://openalex.org/W4255251746","https://openalex.org/W4321434840","https://openalex.org/W4321441956","https://openalex.org/W4321442029","https://openalex.org/W4321442077","https://openalex.org/W4381145012","https://openalex.org/W4390041045","https://openalex.org/W4390414972","https://openalex.org/W4390601929","https://openalex.org/W4392462544","https://openalex.org/W4392639864","https://openalex.org/W4394736742","https://openalex.org/W4396832347","https://openalex.org/W4399990899","https://openalex.org/W4400770292","https://openalex.org/W4401588926","https://openalex.org/W4407841610","https://openalex.org/W4407841969","https://openalex.org/W4407842017","https://openalex.org/W4407842253","https://openalex.org/W4407842282","https://openalex.org/W4407842322","https://openalex.org/W4407842356","https://openalex.org/W4407842370","https://openalex.org/W4407842494","https://openalex.org/W4409557044","https://openalex.org/W4410189969","https://openalex.org/W4411269334","https://openalex.org/W6912162541"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"a":[6,44,127],"prominent":[7],"presence":[8],"in":[9,24,123,134],"classrooms,":[10],"yet":[11],"relatively":[12],"little":[13],"is":[14,110],"known":[15],"about":[16,120],"how":[17],"students":[18,42],"actually":[19],"engage":[20],"with":[21,59,99],"such":[22],"tools":[23],"authentic":[25],"school":[26,41],"contexts.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"examines":[30],"more":[31],"than":[32],"17,000":[33],"messages":[34],"across":[35],"1,512":[36],"conversations":[37],"from":[38,79],"484":[39],"middle":[40],"using":[43],"classroom-based":[45],"generative":[46,121],"AI":[47,122],"writing":[48],"tutor.":[49],"We":[50],"extracted":[51],"linguistic,":[52],"cognitive,":[53],"and":[54,63,69,94,103,125],"interactional":[55],"features,":[56],"reduced":[57],"dimensionality":[58],"principal":[60],"component":[61],"analysis,":[62],"applied":[64],"clustering":[65],"to":[66,81,118],"identify":[67],"conversation":[68,77],"student-level":[70],"patterns":[71,97],"of":[72],"engagement.":[73],"Results":[74],"revealed":[75],"five":[76],"profiles\u2014ranging":[78],"directive":[80],"reflective":[82],"dialogue\u2014and":[83],"four":[84],"student":[85],"profiles,":[86],"including":[87],"collaborators,":[88],"transactional":[89],"tool":[90],"users,":[91],"independent":[92],"thinkers,":[93],"chatters.":[95],"These":[96],"aligned":[98],"both":[100],"pedagogical":[101],"intent":[102],"individual":[104],"orientation,":[105],"underscoring":[106],"that":[107],"student\u2013AI":[108],"dialogue":[109],"heterogeneous":[111],"but":[112],"systematic.":[113],"Findings":[114],"contribute":[115],"empirical":[116],"evidence":[117],"debates":[119],"education":[124],"provide":[126],"methodological":[128],"framework":[129],"for":[130],"analyzing":[131],"human\u2013AI":[132],"interaction":[133],"learning":[135],"analytics":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-27T08:22:11.395708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}