{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155611693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785089","title":"Investigating Self-regulated Learning Sequences within a Generative AI-based Intelligent Tutoring System","display_name":"Investigating Self-regulated Learning Sequences within a Generative AI-based Intelligent Tutoring System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155611693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785089"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785089","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134593277","display_name":"Jie Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-950X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-950X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134591297","display_name":"Shasha Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8343-3331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shasha Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehigh University, Bethlehem, USA","McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8343-3331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehigh University, Bethlehem, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030197347","display_name":"J N Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8316-7545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040192831","display_name":"Shan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-1586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehigh University, Bethlehem, USA","McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-1586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehigh University, Bethlehem, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134614380","display_name":"Tingting Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-4029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-4029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5134593277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95525651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"905","last_page":"911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.8967999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.8967999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.053300000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5727999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-acquisition","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","score":0.39430001378059387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.663100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5727999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779336797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3055492","display_name":"Intelligent tutoring system","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984567223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"E learning","level":3,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28006648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934509","display_name":"Multi-task learning","level":3,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40506919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452469","display_name":"Sequence learning","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7308394908905029,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678084289","https://openalex.org/W1965275228","https://openalex.org/W2237600160","https://openalex.org/W2724824384","https://openalex.org/W2768744498","https://openalex.org/W2898123419","https://openalex.org/W2904628993","https://openalex.org/W2942707296","https://openalex.org/W2964619789","https://openalex.org/W3090254665","https://openalex.org/W3178477136","https://openalex.org/W3212954735","https://openalex.org/W4220691461","https://openalex.org/W4298232089","https://openalex.org/W4311529222","https://openalex.org/W4366991857","https://openalex.org/W4377011360","https://openalex.org/W4390099035","https://openalex.org/W4392040696","https://openalex.org/W4393086054","https://openalex.org/W4396979009","https://openalex.org/W4399368432","https://openalex.org/W4400728367","https://openalex.org/W4401761049","https://openalex.org/W4401792988","https://openalex.org/W4402892487","https://openalex.org/W4403637324","https://openalex.org/W4404563232","https://openalex.org/W4407842195","https://openalex.org/W4407979757","https://openalex.org/W4408146399","https://openalex.org/W4408866891","https://openalex.org/W7082983009"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"a":[3,20,63,67],"growing":[4],"trend":[5],"in":[6,30,114],"employing":[7],"generative":[8],"artificial":[9],"intelligence":[10],"(GenAI)":[11],"techniques":[12],"to":[13,41],"support":[14],"learning.":[15],"Moreover,":[16],"scholars":[17],"have":[18],"reached":[19],"consensus":[21],"on":[22,106],"the":[23,81,93,115,127,139,142,158,162],"critical":[24],"role":[25],"of":[26,74,83,120,126,144,164],"self-regulated":[27],"learning":[28,32,36,148,166],"(SRL)":[29],"ensuring":[31],"effectiveness":[33],"within":[34,66],"GenAI-assisted":[35,68,165],"environments,":[37],"making":[38],"it":[39],"essential":[40],"capture":[42],"students\u2019":[43,52],"dynamic":[44],"SRL":[45,108],"patterns.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,98],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"extracted":[51],"interaction":[53],"patterns":[54],"with":[55],"GenAI":[56,76,121,130,146],"from":[57,80],"trace":[58],"data":[59],"as":[60],"they":[61],"completed":[62],"problem-solving":[64],"task":[65],"intelligent":[69],"tutoring":[70],"system.":[71],"Students\u2019":[72],"purpose":[73,143],"using":[75,145],"was":[77,150],"also":[78],"analyzed":[79],"perspective":[82],"information":[84,87,90,132,136],"processing,":[85],"i.e.,":[86],"acquisition":[88,133],"and":[89,95,117,147,161],"transformation.":[91],"Using":[92],"sequential":[94],"clustering":[96],"analysis,":[97],"study":[99],"classified":[100],"participants":[101],"into":[102],"two":[103,111],"groups":[104,112],"based":[105],"their":[107],"sequences.":[109],"These":[110],"differed":[113],"frequency":[116],"temporal":[118],"characteristics":[119],"use.":[122],"As":[123],"well,":[124],"most":[125],"students":[128],"used":[129],"for":[131],"rather":[134],"than":[135],"transformation,":[137],"while":[138],"correlation":[140],"between":[141],"performance":[149],"not":[151],"statistically":[152],"significant.":[153],"Our":[154],"findings":[155],"informed":[156],"both":[157],"pedagogical":[159],"design":[160],"development":[163],"environments.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2026-04-26T00:00:00"}