{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155642205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785088","title":"How to Assess AI Literacy: Misalignment Between Self-Reported and Objective-Based Measures","display_name":"How to Assess AI Literacy: Misalignment Between Self-Reported and Objective-Based Measures","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155642205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785088"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066629677","display_name":"S Bingrong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3532-0661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064227348","display_name":"Ruiwei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-7611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiwei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-7611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016746228","display_name":"Anthony F. Botelho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-4959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony F. Botelho","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-4959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061580219","display_name":"GuanZe Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanze Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5758-3396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023880578","display_name":"Thomas K. F. Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-5477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas K. F. Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-5477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060576109","display_name":"John Stamper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-1468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Stamper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-1468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062550465","display_name":"Kenneth R. Koedinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5850-4768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth R. Koedinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5850-4768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066629677"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95802041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"405","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.1624000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.1624000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.14730000495910645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.13529999554157257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.22769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.2160000056028366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.22769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2160000056028366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2134000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.211899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.21089999377727509}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8828635811805725,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1241533907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2331379","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988050849","https://openalex.org/W1993760488","https://openalex.org/W2028944185","https://openalex.org/W2098276566","https://openalex.org/W2132290280","https://openalex.org/W2142103770","https://openalex.org/W2525617277","https://openalex.org/W2554292084","https://openalex.org/W2921645703","https://openalex.org/W3029022390","https://openalex.org/W3198340118","https://openalex.org/W3215201135","https://openalex.org/W4225141765","https://openalex.org/W4229456833","https://openalex.org/W4249332350","https://openalex.org/W4312887825","https://openalex.org/W4315628699","https://openalex.org/W4321434840","https://openalex.org/W4382751226","https://openalex.org/W4387082112","https://openalex.org/W4387368391","https://openalex.org/W4388491716","https://openalex.org/W4391131201","https://openalex.org/W4392266494","https://openalex.org/W4392998181","https://openalex.org/W4393161416","https://openalex.org/W4394797867","https://openalex.org/W4396655318","https://openalex.org/W4402070085","https://openalex.org/W4404762383","https://openalex.org/W4404866020","https://openalex.org/W4406768325","https://openalex.org/W4407125741","https://openalex.org/W4409361125","https://openalex.org/W4410379016","https://openalex.org/W4410629650","https://openalex.org/W4410745251","https://openalex.org/W4411146374","https://openalex.org/W4414822520","https://openalex.org/W4415628923"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2026-04-26T00:00:00"}