{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155604162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785073","title":"Embedding-Based Rankings of Educational Resources based on Learning Outcome Alignment: Benchmarking, Expert Validation, and Learner Performance","display_name":"Embedding-Based Rankings of Educational Resources based on Learning Outcome Alignment: Benchmarking, Expert Validation, and Learner Performance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155604162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785073"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785073","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785073","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107159290","display_name":"Mohammadreza Molavi Hajiagha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802635041","display_name":"Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)","ror":"https://ror.org/04aj4c181","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammadreza Molavi Hajiagha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology (TIB), Hanover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0423-0729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology (TIB), Hanover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103079095","display_name":"Mohammad Mahdi Moein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-8226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802635041","display_name":"Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)","ror":"https://ror.org/04aj4c181","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Moein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology (TIB), Hanover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-8226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology (TIB), Hanover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039152693","display_name":"Mohammadreza Tavakoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-0794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802635041","display_name":"Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)","ror":"https://ror.org/04aj4c181","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammadreza Tavakoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology (TIB), Hanover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-0794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology (TIB), Hanover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086621280","display_name":"Abdolali Faraji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-9345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802635041","display_name":"Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)","ror":"https://ror.org/04aj4c181","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdolali Faraji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology (TIB), Hanover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-9345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology (TIB), Hanover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086312428","display_name":"G\u00e1bor Kismih\u00f3k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-5455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802635041","display_name":"Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)","ror":"https://ror.org/04aj4c181","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00e1bor Kismih\u00f3k","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology, Hanover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-5455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology, Hanover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059079301","display_name":"Stefan T. Mol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-3516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan T. Mol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics and Business Sectie Leadership &amp; Management, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-3516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics and Business Sectie Leadership &amp; Management, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107159290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802635041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9547205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"829","last_page":"836"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12171","display_name":"Open Education and E-Learning","score":0.30140000581741333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12171","display_name":"Open Education and E-Learning","score":0.30140000581741333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.13050000369548798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.0754999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.7833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-resources","display_name":"Educational resources","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-learning","display_name":"Personalized learning","score":0.3822000026702881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.7833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987136238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55614501","display_name":"Educational resources","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142039133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620943","display_name":"Personalized learning","level":5,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785073","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785073","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7884494066238403,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1719593048","https://openalex.org/W1967747674","https://openalex.org/W1985514943","https://openalex.org/W2763182172","https://openalex.org/W2767004227","https://openalex.org/W2783918171","https://openalex.org/W2946416043","https://openalex.org/W3006624114","https://openalex.org/W3089708241","https://openalex.org/W3091129453","https://openalex.org/W3094746175","https://openalex.org/W3162659689","https://openalex.org/W3216243597","https://openalex.org/W4211112912","https://openalex.org/W4213432396","https://openalex.org/W4220765766","https://openalex.org/W4285086207","https://openalex.org/W4290043172","https://openalex.org/W4386576685","https://openalex.org/W4390490725","https://openalex.org/W4392606373","https://openalex.org/W4399216831","https://openalex.org/W4399394011","https://openalex.org/W4405624708"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,6,77,101,115],"online":[2],"learning":[3,28,48,88,152,177],"landscape":[4],"evolves,":[5],"need":[7],"for":[8,43],"personalization":[9,172],"is":[10,66],"increasingly":[11],"evident.":[12],"Although":[13],"educational":[14,84],"resources":[15,49,85,120],"are":[16,39],"burgeoning,":[17],"educators":[18],"face":[19],"challenges":[20],"selecting":[21],"materials":[22],"that":[23,50,75,100,126,165],"both":[24],"align":[25],"with":[26,141,176],"intended":[27,58,87,132],"outcomes":[29,59,133],"and":[30,68,86,98],"address":[31],"diverse":[32,188],"learner":[33,189],"needs.":[34,190],"Large":[35],"Language":[36],"Models":[37],"(LLMs)":[38],"attracting":[40],"growing":[41],"interest":[42],"their":[44],"potential":[45],"to":[46,118,131,150,182,187],"create":[47],"better":[51],"support":[52],"personalization,":[53],"but":[54],"verifying":[55],"coverage":[56],"of":[57,80],"still":[60],"requires":[61],"human":[62],"alignment":[63,82,145,167,175],"review,":[64],"which":[65,179],"costly":[67],"limits":[69],"scalability.":[70],"We":[71,112],"propose":[72],"a":[73,138],"framework":[74],"supports":[76],"cost-effective":[78],"automation":[79],"evaluating":[81],"between":[83],"outcomes.":[89],"Using":[90],"human-generated":[91],"materials,":[92],"we":[93],"benchmarked":[94],"LLM-based":[95],"text-embedding":[96],"models":[97],"found":[99],"most":[102],"accurate":[103],"model":[104,117],"(Voyage)":[105],"achieved":[106],"79%":[107],"accuracy":[108],"in":[109,137],"detecting":[110],"alignment.":[111],"then":[113],"applied":[114],"optimal":[116],"LLM-generated":[119],"and,":[121],"via":[122],"expert":[123],"evaluation,":[124],"confirmed":[125],"it":[127],"reliably":[128],"assessed":[129],"correspondence":[130],"(83%":[134],"accuracy).":[135],"Finally,":[136],"three-group":[139],"experiment":[140],"360":[142],"learners,":[143],"higher":[144],"scores":[146,168],"were":[147],"positively":[148],"related":[149],"greater":[151],"performance,":[153],"\u03c72(2,":[154],"N":[155],"=":[156,158],"360)":[157],"15.39,":[159],"p":[160],"<.001.":[161],"These":[162],"findings":[163],"show":[164],"embedding-based":[166],"can":[169],"facilitate":[170],"scalable":[171],"by":[173],"confirming":[174],"outcomes,":[178],"allows":[180],"teachers":[181],"focus":[183],"on":[184],"tailoring":[185],"content":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2026-04-26T00:00:00"}