{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155622689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785032","title":"Practice as the Key to Success: Understanding the Role of Prior Knowledge, Affective States and Learning Resources in Computer Science Education","display_name":"Practice as the Key to Success: Understanding the Role of Prior Knowledge, Affective States and Learning Resources in Computer Science Education","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155622689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785032"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785032","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048645177","display_name":"Andres Felipe Zambrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-1209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andres Felipe Zambrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-1209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357305","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-4256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007380582","display_name":"Maciej Pankiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-0523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Pankiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-0523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088695714","display_name":"Ryan S. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3051-3232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan S. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education Futures, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3051-3232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Futures, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048645177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94959538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.4846999943256378,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.4846999943256378,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13034","display_name":"Information Systems Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.07840000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.07639999687671661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disengagement-theory","display_name":"Disengagement theory","score":0.8518999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6164000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.27880001068115234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25740722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044915","display_name":"Disengagement theory","level":2,"score":0.8518999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6164000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785022.3785032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785022.3785032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the LAK26: 16th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053373778","https://openalex.org/W2058064543","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2077539104","https://openalex.org/W2079905355","https://openalex.org/W2143126460","https://openalex.org/W2158081248","https://openalex.org/W2169365000","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2269494466","https://openalex.org/W2406536118","https://openalex.org/W2613340539","https://openalex.org/W2790775325","https://openalex.org/W2894540915","https://openalex.org/W2919490434","https://openalex.org/W2952184174","https://openalex.org/W3048346763","https://openalex.org/W3130131183","https://openalex.org/W4211171695","https://openalex.org/W4214947305","https://openalex.org/W4288059351","https://openalex.org/W4289667445","https://openalex.org/W4320041405","https://openalex.org/W4323033877","https://openalex.org/W4392346606","https://openalex.org/W4393027606","https://openalex.org/W4394695377","https://openalex.org/W4399376298","https://openalex.org/W4399486771","https://openalex.org/W4403976003","https://openalex.org/W4406124622","https://openalex.org/W4406619802","https://openalex.org/W4406635123","https://openalex.org/W4406868222","https://openalex.org/W4407842305","https://openalex.org/W6949795048"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introductory":[0],"programming":[1,40],"courses":[2],"(CS1)":[3],"bring":[4],"together":[5],"students":[6],"with":[7,67,124,160],"diverse":[8,169],"prior":[9,39],"experiences,":[10],"which":[11,140],"shape":[12],"their":[13],"use":[14],"of":[15],"learning":[16],"resources,":[17],"emotional":[18,82],"responses,":[19],"and":[20,32,46,61,69,99,111,144,165],"academic":[21],"performance.":[22,106],"This":[23],"study":[24],"employs":[25],"structural":[26],"equation":[27],"modeling,":[28],"self-reported":[29],"affective":[30],"data,":[31],"multimodal":[33],"interaction":[34],"logs":[35],"to":[36,97,104,146,162],"investigate":[37],"how":[38],"knowledge":[41],"affects":[42],"affect,":[43],"resource":[44],"utilization,":[45],"outcomes":[47,128],"in":[48,171],"a":[49],"CS1":[50],"course":[51],"that":[52,157],"features":[53],"an":[54],"automated":[55],"assessment":[56],"tool":[57],"(AAT),":[58],"instructional":[59],"videos,":[60],"worked":[62,91],"examples.":[63],"Students":[64],"who":[65,131],"persisted":[66],"practice":[68,143],"advanced":[70],"beyond":[71],"basic":[72],"tasks":[73],"achieved":[74],"the":[75,125,152],"strongest":[76],"outcomes,":[77],"though":[78],"they":[79,119],"followed":[80],"different":[81],"pathways.":[83],"By":[84],"contrast,":[85],"relying":[86],"solely":[87],"on":[88],"videos":[89],"or":[90],"examples":[92],"did":[93],"not":[94],"significantly":[95],"lead":[96],"success,":[98],"disengagement":[100],"was":[101],"generally":[102],"tied":[103],"weaker":[105],"Novices":[107],"often":[108,137],"reported":[109,138],"confusion":[110],"frustration;":[112],"while":[113],"these":[114],"emotions":[115],"sometimes":[116],"hindered":[117],"learning,":[118],"also":[120],"drove":[121],"deeper":[122],"engagement":[123,164],"AAT,":[126],"improving":[127],"for":[129,154,168],"those":[130],"persisted.":[132],"Experienced":[133],"students,":[134],"however,":[135],"more":[136],"boredom,":[139],"consistently":[141],"reduced":[142],"led":[145],"poorer":[147],"outcomes.":[148],"These":[149],"findings":[150],"underscore":[151],"need":[153],"adaptive":[155],"support":[156],"balances":[158],"challenge":[159],"guidance":[161],"sustain":[163],"promote":[166],"success":[167],"learners":[170],"CS1.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-30T09:15:22.047038","created_date":"2026-04-26T00:00:00"}