{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417196802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779447","title":"TETRIS: A Novel FPGA Virtualization Framework for Fine-grained Sharing via Hierarchical Reconfiguration","display_name":"TETRIS: A Novel FPGA Virtualization Framework for Fine-grained Sharing via Hierarchical Reconfiguration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417196802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3779447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104258530","display_name":"Wenbin Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0353-8132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbin Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","University of Science and Technology of China, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0353-8132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034765006","display_name":"Wenqi Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqi Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089833377","display_name":"Teng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-1203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-1203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072915437","display_name":"Lei Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-5526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","University of Science and Technology of China, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-5526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101478541","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8453-0495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","University of Science and Technology of China, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8453-0495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077322091","display_name":"Xuehai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","University of Science and Technology of China, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31884701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.6837000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.6837000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.04820000007748604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.03819999843835831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.8023999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurability","display_name":"Reconfigurability","score":0.7962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7002000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6963000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/live-migration","display_name":"Live migration","score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-computing","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4546000063419342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8500999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.8023999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.7962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7002000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6963000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5651999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778710394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4179813","display_name":"Live migration","level":4,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.45730000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80344994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227369","display_name":"Data virtualization","level":4,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3779447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G461544363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20241818","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G616644081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB4501600 and 2022YFB4501603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6284701254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y2021121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6472083938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W321739617","https://openalex.org/W1980194681","https://openalex.org/W1990079240","https://openalex.org/W2020589550","https://openalex.org/W2133156997","https://openalex.org/W2282294254","https://openalex.org/W2492686975","https://openalex.org/W2582717417","https://openalex.org/W2584785188","https://openalex.org/W2614193845","https://openalex.org/W2766927668","https://openalex.org/W2788211964","https://openalex.org/W2915762809","https://openalex.org/W2917087921","https://openalex.org/W2983413335","https://openalex.org/W3010835436","https://openalex.org/W3011348040","https://openalex.org/W3085331912","https://openalex.org/W3156546842","https://openalex.org/W3188919536","https://openalex.org/W3212817848","https://openalex.org/W3213096842","https://openalex.org/W3213883917","https://openalex.org/W4211022608","https://openalex.org/W4239385313","https://openalex.org/W4308083513","https://openalex.org/W4380881153","https://openalex.org/W4380881473","https://openalex.org/W4382626125","https://openalex.org/W4383865423","https://openalex.org/W4386830976","https://openalex.org/W4393575823","https://openalex.org/W4393578753","https://openalex.org/W4395106433","https://openalex.org/W4404954356","https://openalex.org/W4406531246"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Field-Programmable":[0],"Gate":[1],"Arrays":[2],"(FPGAs)":[3],"are":[4],"increasingly":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,22,154,169],"cloud":[8,24,70,183],"platforms":[9],"to":[10,15,31,38,44,68,88,125,128,158],"accelerate":[11],"diverse":[12],"workloads,":[13],"thanks":[14],"their":[16,39],"reconfigurability":[17],"and":[18,63,83,133,163],"high":[19],"performance.":[20],"However,":[21],"multi-tenant":[23],"environments,":[25],"existing":[26],"FPGA":[27,57,160,184],"virtualization":[28,58,161],"mechanisms":[29],"fail":[30],"align":[32],"with":[33,140],"dynamic":[34,64,78],"application":[35],"demands":[36],"due":[37],"static":[40],"partitioning":[41],"methods,":[42],"leading":[43],"significant":[45],"internal":[46],"fragmentation.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"these":[50,115],"issues,":[51],"we":[52],"present":[53],"Tetris":[54,75,109,119,139,148,179],",":[55],"an":[56],"framework":[59],"that":[60,147],"supports":[61],"flexible":[62],"reconfigurable":[65,79,90,107],"resource":[66,94,122,131,155],"allocation":[67],"improve":[69],"platform":[71],"deployment":[72],"efficiency.":[73],"Specifically,":[74],"deploys":[76],"nested":[77],"regions":[80,116],"on":[81],"FPGAs":[82],"adopts":[84],"a":[85,150,165],"tree":[86],"structure":[87],"manage":[89],"resources,":[91],"enabling":[92],"fine-grained":[93],"reallocation":[95],"at":[96],"runtime.":[97],"Enabled":[98],"by":[99],"the":[100,130],"proposed":[101],"fat-tree-based":[102],"data":[103],"transmission":[104],"architecture":[105],"between":[106],"regions,":[108],"can":[110],"map":[111],"dataflow-based":[112],"applications":[113],"onto":[114],"effectively.":[117],"Additionally,":[118],"offers":[120],"dual-level":[121],"optimization":[123],"strategies":[124],"help":[126],"system":[127],"balance":[129],"utilization":[132,156],"run-time":[134,170],"compilation":[135,177],"overhead.":[136],"We":[137],"evaluate":[138],"dataflow":[141],"HLS":[142],"benchmarks.":[143],"Experimental":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146],"achieves":[149],"1.16":[151],"\\(\\times\\)":[152,167],"improvement":[153],"compared":[157],"advanced":[159],"frameworks":[162],"delivers":[164],"1.3":[166],"increase":[168],"throughput,":[171],"incurring":[172],"less":[173],"than":[174],"30%":[175],"additional":[176],"latency.":[178],"enables":[180],"scalable,":[181],"on-demand":[182],"acceleration,":[185],"improving":[186],"adaptability":[187],"across":[188],"different":[189],"workloads.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-12-10T00:00:00"}