{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134885455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790170","title":"HEPIC: Private Inference over Homomorphic Encryption with Client Intervention","display_name":"HEPIC: Private Inference over Homomorphic Encryption with Client Intervention","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134885455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790170"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3779212.3790170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790170","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054481421","display_name":"Kevin Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-2434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of ECE & ISRC, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-2434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ECE & ISRC, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102846033","display_name":"Youyeon Joo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7310-2161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youyeon Joo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of ECE & ISRC, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7310-2161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ECE & ISRC, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008674304","display_name":"Seungjin Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2741-6941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungjin Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of ECE & ISRC, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2741-6941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ECE & ISRC, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042587361","display_name":"Hyungon Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-1034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyungon Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-1034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078031348","display_name":"Y. Paek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunheung Paek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of ECE & ISRC, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-2926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ECE & ISRC, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054481421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49986436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"896","last_page":"911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.7397000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-security","display_name":"Semantic security","score":0.6477000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.6251999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malleability","display_name":"Malleability","score":0.3752000033855438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.7397000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204806902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2333581","display_name":"Semantic security","level":5,"score":0.6477000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.6251999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100980136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4668956","display_name":"Malleability","level":4,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182776695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840661","display_name":"Ciphertext indistinguishability","level":5,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779014939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510239","display_name":"Learning with errors","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202477664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352449","display_name":"Client-side","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3779212.3790170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3779212.3790170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3155184874","https://openalex.org/W4404515307"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Homomorphic":[0],"Encryption":[1],"(HE)":[2],"enables":[3],"Private":[4],"Inference":[5],"(PI)":[6],"in":[7,60,113,123,226],"Machine":[8],"Learning":[9],"as":[10,30],"a":[11,48,83,95,99,183,189],"Service":[12],"(MLaaS),":[13],"protecting":[14],"both":[15],"client":[16,89,116,134,165,191],"inputs":[17],"and":[18,51,71,135,143,155,169,174,188,199],"server-side":[19],"neural":[20],"network":[21],"(NN)":[22],"parameters.":[23],"Existing":[24],"PI":[25,41,79,104],"techniques":[26],"are":[27],"predominantly":[28],"implemented":[29],"either":[31],"HE-based":[32,40,78,220],"fire-and-forget":[33,58,219],"methods":[34],"or":[35],"MPC-based":[36,103],"interactive":[37,107],"methods.":[38],"Recent":[39],"systems":[42],"improve":[43],"the":[44,62,109,115,133,136,180],"accuracy--performance":[45],"trade-off":[46],"via":[47,171],"layer-wise":[49],"scheme":[50],"parameter":[52],"switching,":[53],"yet":[54],"remain":[55],"bottlenecked":[56],"by":[57,87,163],"execution":[59,161],"which":[61],"server":[63,167],"alone":[64],"performs":[65],"costly":[66],"ciphertext":[67,92,120,127,156],"management":[68,128],"(e.g.,":[69],"bootstrapping":[70],"scheme/parameter":[72],"conversions).":[73],"We":[74,177],"present":[75],"HEPIC,":[76],"an":[77],"system":[80],"that":[81,114,210],"explores":[82],"different":[84],"design":[85],"point":[86],"leveraging":[88],"interventions":[90],"for":[91,119],"managements.":[93],"In":[94],"sense,":[96],"HEPIC":[97,138,158,211],"shares":[98],"common":[100],"ground":[101],"with":[102,108,182],"of":[105],"being":[106],"client,":[110],"but":[111],"differs":[112],"only":[117],"intervenes":[118],"managements":[121],"required":[122],"HE":[124],"operations.":[125],"Because":[126],"has":[129],"identical":[130],"semantics":[131],"on":[132],"server,":[137],"lets":[139],"developers":[140],"decide":[141],"where":[142],"how":[144],"often":[145],"to":[146,195,200,214],"execute":[147],"it,":[148],"enabling":[149],"fine-grained":[150],"trade-offs":[151],"among":[152],"computation,":[153,168],"communication,":[154],"configuration.":[157],"makes":[159],"such":[160],"practical":[162],"overlapping":[164],"re-encryption,":[166],"communication":[170],"dependency-aware":[172],"pipelining":[173],"streaming-based":[175],"transfers.":[176],"further":[178],"enhance":[179],"performance":[181,205],"cache-aware":[184],"task":[185],"allocator":[186],"(CATA)":[187],"cost-aware":[190],"intervention":[192],"scheduler":[193],"(CACIS)":[194],"exploit":[196],"ciphertext-level":[197],"parallelism":[198],"mitigate":[201],"stalls":[202],"under":[203],"client-server":[204],"disparity.":[206],"Our":[207],"evaluation":[208],"shows":[209],"achieves":[212],"up":[213],"2.20--41.93\u00d7":[215],"speedup":[216],"over":[217],"state-of-the-art":[218],"PI,":[221],"while":[222],"maintaining":[223],"zero":[224],"loss":[225],"inference":[227],"accuracy.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T06:18:43.230356","created_date":"2026-03-12T00:00:00"}