{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134936799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790138","title":"CHEHAB RL: Learning to Optimize Fully Homomorphic Encryption Computations","display_name":"CHEHAB RL: Learning to Optimize Fully Homomorphic Encryption Computations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134936799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790138"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3779212.3790138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790138","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790138","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bilel Sefsaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9367-4678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149016","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/04dj1dn66","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016"]}],"countries":["AE","DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bilel Sefsaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Ecole Superieure d'Informatique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9367-4678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Ecole Superieure d'Informatique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016","https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abderraouf Dandani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5301-4388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149016","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/04dj1dn66","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016"]}],"countries":["AE","DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abderraouf Dandani","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Ecole Superieure d'Informatique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5301-4388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Ecole Superieure d'Informatique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016","https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdessamed Seddiki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4452-0777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149016","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/04dj1dn66","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016"]}],"countries":["AE","DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdessamed Seddiki","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Ecole Superieure d'Informatique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4452-0777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Ecole Superieure d'Informatique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016","https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arab Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1471-0431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149016","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/04dj1dn66","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016"]}],"countries":["AE","DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arab Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Ecole Superieure d'Informatique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1471-0431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Ecole Superieure d'Informatique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149016","https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Eduardo Chielle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-912X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Chielle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-912X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michail Maniatakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-0651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Maniatakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-0651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Riyadh Baghdadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9350-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riyadh Baghdadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9350-3998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I4210149016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50629239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"342","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.892300009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.892300009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.04879999905824661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.6377999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6161999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5065000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.3736000061035156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8784999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.6377999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6161999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5065000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203357204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089605","display_name":"Chunking (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190902152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325106","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52173422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766483","display_name":"Opcode","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3779212.3790138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790138","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3779212.3790138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3779212.3790138","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6550259590148926,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102976251","https://openalex.org/W2111394443","https://openalex.org/W2146405378","https://openalex.org/W2157273783","https://openalex.org/W2167639788","https://openalex.org/W2226167778","https://openalex.org/W2780077279","https://openalex.org/W2798960592","https://openalex.org/W2914500262","https://openalex.org/W2949967139","https://openalex.org/W2955401130","https://openalex.org/W2962724414","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2983934213","https://openalex.org/W2986342587","https://openalex.org/W3008788679","https://openalex.org/W3033405216","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3110583370","https://openalex.org/W3151489216","https://openalex.org/W3152824079","https://openalex.org/W3169419954","https://openalex.org/W3198072070","https://openalex.org/W3200950867","https://openalex.org/W3207198460","https://openalex.org/W3214408283","https://openalex.org/W4220830361","https://openalex.org/W4226372463","https://openalex.org/W4245302940","https://openalex.org/W4308084253","https://openalex.org/W4327930441","https://openalex.org/W4386968162","https://openalex.org/W4407857379","https://openalex.org/W4407858111","https://openalex.org/W4408903490"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"Homomorphic":[1],"Encryption":[2],"(FHE)":[3],"enables":[4],"computations":[5,124],"directly":[6],"on":[7,65,144],"encrypted":[8],"data,":[9],"but":[10],"its":[11,150],"high":[12],"computational":[13],"cost":[14],"remains":[15],"a":[16,24,48,84,120,126,145,154],"significant":[17],"barrier.":[18],"Writing":[19],"efficient":[20],"FHE":[21,59,93,139,157],"code":[22,60,94,166],"is":[23,38,168,182],"complex":[25],"task":[26],"requiring":[27],"cryptographic":[28],"expertise,":[29],"and":[30,99,111,141],"finding":[31],"the":[32,106,116,137,178],"optimal":[33],"sequence":[34,85],"of":[35,63,86,108,123,147],"program":[36],"transformations":[37],"often":[39],"intractable.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,118],"propose":[45],"CHEHAB":[46,138],"RL,":[47],"novel":[49],"framework":[50],"that":[51,162,167],"leverages":[52],"deep":[53],"reinforcement":[54],"learning":[55],"(RL)":[56],"to":[57,77,89],"automate":[58],"optimization.":[61],"Instead":[62],"relying":[64],"predefined":[66],"heuristics":[67],"or":[68],"combinatorial":[69],"search,":[70],"our":[71,133,163],"method":[72],"trains":[73],"an":[74,79],"RL":[75],"agent":[76],"learn":[78],"effective":[80],"policy":[81],"for":[82],"applying":[83],"rewriting":[87],"rules":[88],"automatically":[90],"vectorize":[91],"scalar":[92],"while":[95,177],"reducing":[96],"instruction":[97],"latency":[98],"noise":[100],"growth.":[101],"The":[102,159],"proposed":[103,134],"approach":[104,135,164],"supports":[105],"optimization":[107],"both":[109],"structured":[110],"unstructured":[112],"code.":[113],"To":[114],"train":[115],"agent,":[117],"synthesize":[119],"diverse":[121],"dataset":[122],"using":[125],"large":[127],"language":[128],"model":[129],"(LLM).":[130],"We":[131],"integrate":[132],"into":[136],"compiler":[140],"evaluate":[142],"it":[143],"suite":[146],"benchmarks,":[148],"comparing":[149],"performance":[151],"against":[152],"Coyote,":[153],"state-of-the-art":[155],"vectorizing":[156],"compiler.":[158],"results":[160],"show":[161],"generates":[165],"5.3\u00d7":[169],"faster":[170,184],"in":[171],"execution,":[172],"accumulates":[173],"2.54\u00d7":[174],"less":[175],"noise,":[176],"compilation":[179],"process":[180],"itself":[181],"27.9\u00d7":[183],"than":[185],"Coyote":[186],"(geometric":[187],"means).":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-02-02T00:00:00"}