{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416460486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777897","title":"Unsupervised Learning and Process Analysis for Sensor Data Validation in the IIoT","display_name":"Unsupervised Learning and Process Analysis for Sensor Data Validation in the IIoT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416460486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3777897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777897","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002668348","display_name":"Erik Johannes Husom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-1604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Johannes Husom","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF","SINTEF, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-1604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087161990","display_name":"Arda G\u00f6knil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2170-2066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arda Goknil","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF","SINTEF, Oslo Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2170-2066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF, Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038174766","display_name":"Felix Mannhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-777X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138193747","display_name":"Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/04hm9pd03","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138193747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121710","display_name":"Kentucky imaging Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/028m8dj97","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121710"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Mannhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["KIT-AR","KIT-AR, London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-777X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIT-AR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIT-AR, London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138193747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061531148","display_name":"Simeon Tverdal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-4127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simeon Tverdal","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF","SINTEF, Oslo Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-4127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF, Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065907664","display_name":"Sagar Sen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-7355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sagar Sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF","SINTEF, Oslo Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-7355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF, Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022261720","display_name":"Phu H. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-8581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phu Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networked Systems and Services, SINTEF","Networked Systems and Services, SINTEF, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-8581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networked Systems and Services, SINTEF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networked Systems and Services, SINTEF, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4952603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.33869999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.33869999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.1307000070810318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.12240000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7215999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6144999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.5497999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.4097000062465668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8489000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7215999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6144999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5990999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.5497999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92446256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306762","display_name":"Data validation","level":2,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82753439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419090","display_name":"Industrial production","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175801342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988917","display_name":"Data analysis","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115575686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822403","display_name":"Soft sensor","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3777897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3777897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156594107","https://openalex.org/W187979846","https://openalex.org/W1988981069","https://openalex.org/W2012181078","https://openalex.org/W2064385385","https://openalex.org/W2092150674","https://openalex.org/W2098759488","https://openalex.org/W2106595237","https://openalex.org/W2142838865","https://openalex.org/W2154155660","https://openalex.org/W2162446598","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2410961113","https://openalex.org/W2593456858","https://openalex.org/W2598820205","https://openalex.org/W2619576622","https://openalex.org/W2899730448","https://openalex.org/W2900065152","https://openalex.org/W2907163532","https://openalex.org/W2914844707","https://openalex.org/W2963107557","https://openalex.org/W2971117981","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3013886221","https://openalex.org/W3021817704","https://openalex.org/W3041128643","https://openalex.org/W3083380601","https://openalex.org/W3093575763","https://openalex.org/W3138990843","https://openalex.org/W3168992578","https://openalex.org/W3173291058","https://openalex.org/W3179193383","https://openalex.org/W3196093322","https://openalex.org/W3196964231","https://openalex.org/W4226298061","https://openalex.org/W4240592325","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W4289822451","https://openalex.org/W4294816487","https://openalex.org/W4297464179","https://openalex.org/W4298009542","https://openalex.org/W4312692758","https://openalex.org/W4317486313","https://openalex.org/W4321091959","https://openalex.org/W4324142999","https://openalex.org/W4365445583","https://openalex.org/W4366407898","https://openalex.org/W4383098233","https://openalex.org/W4388483523","https://openalex.org/W4391147931","https://openalex.org/W4393080573","https://openalex.org/W4393100452","https://openalex.org/W4393101041","https://openalex.org/W4404827555","https://openalex.org/W4406245493","https://openalex.org/W4409243444"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"Artificial":[1],"Intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"with":[4],"the":[5,24,37,44,96],"Industrial":[6],"Internet":[7],"of":[8,28,40,46,98,146,205],"Things":[9],"(IIoT)":[10],"has":[11],"transformed":[12],"industrial":[13,41,198,209,240],"processes,":[14,241],"enhancing":[15],"productivity,":[16],"quality":[17],"control,":[18],"and":[19,26,43,52,63,104,128,143,173,184,195,222,224,250],"operational":[20],"efficiency.":[21],"However,":[22],"ensuring":[23,225,251],"precision":[25],"reliability":[27,254],"sensor-generated":[29],"data":[30,68,103,159,226,253],"remains":[31],"a":[32,89,117,202,244],"critical":[33],"challenge":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,57,59,94,154,190],"evolving":[38],"nature":[39],"processes":[42],"limitations":[45],"conventional":[47],"validation":[48,69,227],"methods.":[49],"Traditional":[50],"rule-based":[51],"supervised":[53],"learning":[54,134],"approaches":[55],"struggle":[56],"adapt":[58],"process":[60,119,175,180,217,220],"shifts,":[61],"drifts,":[62,223],"novel":[64,90],"anomalies,":[65],"making":[66,168,242],"sensor":[67,102,123,158,252],"an":[70],"ongoing":[71],"issue.":[72],"This":[73],"article":[74],"introduces":[75],"UDAVA":[76,115,178,206,235],"(Unsupervised":[77],"Learning":[78],"Approach":[79],"using":[80,207],"Process":[81],"Mining":[82],"for":[83,247],"Sensor":[84],"Data":[85],"Validation":[86],"in":[87,101,151,197,214,255],"IIoT),":[88],"AI-driven":[91],"pipeline":[92],"designed":[93],"automate":[95],"identification":[97],"reference":[99],"patterns":[100],"validate":[105],"subsequent":[106],"production":[107,230],"cycles":[108],"by":[109,135],"recognizing":[110],"deviations":[111,196],"from":[112,157],"expected":[113],"behaviors.":[114],"employs":[116],"multi-stage":[118],"that":[120],"includes":[121],"preprocessing":[122],"data,":[124],"clustering":[125],"recurring":[126],"patterns,":[127],"assessing":[129],"deviations.":[130],"It":[131],"supports":[132],"semi-supervised":[133],"integrating":[136],"manual":[137],"labels":[138],"where":[139],"available,":[140],"improving":[141],"interpretability":[142],"accuracy.":[144],"One":[145],"UDAVA\u2019s":[147],"key":[148],"strengths":[149],"lies":[150],"its":[152,188,212],"ability":[153,189],"extract":[155],"features":[156],"rather":[160],"than":[161],"relying":[162],"on":[163],"raw":[164],"time":[165],"series":[166],"similarity,":[167],"it":[169,243],"robust":[170],"against":[171],"noise":[172],"diverse":[174],"variations.":[176],"Additionally,":[177],"integrates":[179],"mining":[181],"techniques\u2014process":[182],"discovery":[183],"conformance":[185],"checking\u2014to":[186],"enhance":[187],"detect":[191],"even":[192],"subtle":[193],"anomalies":[194],"workflows.":[199],"We":[200],"conduct":[201],"comprehensive":[203],"evaluation":[204],"three":[208],"datasets,":[210],"demonstrating":[211],"effectiveness":[213],"identifying":[215],"high-level":[216],"behaviors,":[218],"detecting":[219],"shifts":[221],"across":[228,238],"multiple":[229],"cycles.":[231],"The":[232],"results":[233],"highlight":[234],"\u2019s":[236],"adaptability":[237],"different":[239],"valuable":[245],"tool":[246],"optimizing":[248],"operations":[249],"IIoT":[256],"environments.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}
