{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404307435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777444","title":"Language-Agnostic Modeling of Source Reliability on Wikipedia","display_name":"Language-Agnostic Modeling of Source Reliability on Wikipedia","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404307435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3777444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777444","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099834984","display_name":"Jacopo D'Ignazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-5279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132770","display_name":"ISI Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebhsy64","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacopo D\u2019Ignazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISI Foundation","Universitat Pompeu Fabra"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-5279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISI Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053529497","display_name":"Andreas Kaltenbrunner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-3066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138847295","display_name":"Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5wp925","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138847295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132770","display_name":"ISI Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebhsy64","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Kaltenbrunner","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISI Foundation","Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","Universitat Pompeu Fabra"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-3066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISI Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138847295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041808447","display_name":"Yelena Mejova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-4109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132770","display_name":"ISI Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebhsy64","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yelena Mejova","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISI Foundation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-4109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISI Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044719894","display_name":"Michele Tizzani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-5111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132770","display_name":"ISI Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebhsy64","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Tizzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISI Foundation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-5111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISI Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039448366","display_name":"Kyriaki Kalimeri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-5916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132770","display_name":"ISI Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebhsy64","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyriaki Kalimeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISI Foundation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-5916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISI Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027772279","display_name":"Mariano G. Beir\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5474-0309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4064826","display_name":"University of San Andr\u00e9s","ror":"https://ror.org/04f7h3b65","country_code":"AR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4064826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128307","display_name":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico - Tucum\u00e1n","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8cva37","country_code":"AR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151201029","https://openalex.org/I4210123736","https://openalex.org/I4210128307","https://openalex.org/I4387155568"]}],"countries":["AR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano G. Beir\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["CONICET","Universidad de San Andr\u00e9s"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5474-0309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CONICET","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de San Andr\u00e9s","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4064826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067313793","display_name":"Pablo Arag\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6017-4577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Arag\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Pompeu Fabra"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6017-4577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00252283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12478","display_name":"Wikis in Education and Collaboration","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12478","display_name":"Wikis in Education and Collaboration","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6994645595550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6920583248138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42047178745269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3631097078323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.351398229598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3374457359313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3352201581001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.32772547006607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3207331895828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11324471235275269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6994645595550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6920583248138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42047178745269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3631097078323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.351398229598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3374457359313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3352201581001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32772547006607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3207331895828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11324471235275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3777444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/276962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/276962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401400","display_name":"Conicet","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210104196","host_organization_name":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico - Nordeste","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104196"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2410.18803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18803","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.18803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.18803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2410.18803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3777444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3777444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309723","display_name":"Fondazione CRT","ror":"https://ror.org/00fgmmg43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318977","display_name":"Institute for Scientific Interchange","ror":"https://ror.org/00te2x188"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226283917","https://openalex.org/W4401305431","https://openalex.org/W4409291291","https://openalex.org/W4404781483","https://openalex.org/W4385657572","https://openalex.org/W2340254858","https://openalex.org/W2946315430","https://openalex.org/W3015183421","https://openalex.org/W3211053064","https://openalex.org/W1934638552","https://openalex.org/W2798611956","https://openalex.org/W4385237693","https://openalex.org/W4391073211","https://openalex.org/W3092238560","https://openalex.org/W4308500239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033512842","https://openalex.org/W4233600955","https://openalex.org/W4322734194","https://openalex.org/W3116237489","https://openalex.org/W2913665393","https://openalex.org/W2369695847","https://openalex.org/W3005535424","https://openalex.org/W2994319598","https://openalex.org/W2047067935","https://openalex.org/W1607054433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,6,28,47,76,103,112,114,119,130,136],"last":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"verifying":[5],"credibility":[7],"of":[8,30,41,55,87,105,129,138,145],"information":[9],"sources":[10,34],"has":[11],"become":[12],"a":[13,22],"fundamental":[14],"need":[15],"to":[16,26,172],"combat":[17],"disinformation.":[18],"Here,":[19],"we":[20,99,122],"present":[21,117],"language-agnostic":[23],"model":[24,48,77,141],"designed":[25],"assess":[27],"reliability":[29,51],"web":[31],"domains":[32],"as":[33,59,124],"in":[35,118,168],"references":[36],"across":[37,74,143],"multiple":[38],"language":[39],"editions":[40],"Wikipedia.":[42],"Utilizing":[43],"editing":[44],"activity":[45],"data,":[46],"evaluates":[49],"domain":[50,72,80,115],"within":[52],"different":[53],"articles":[54,120],"varying":[56,146],"controversiality,":[57],"such":[58],"Climate":[60],"Change,":[61],"COVID-19,":[62],"History,":[63],"Media,":[64],"and":[65,92,149,175],"Biology":[66],"topics.":[67],"Crafting":[68],"features":[69],"that":[70,151],"express":[71],"usage":[73],"articles,":[75],"effectively":[78],"predicts":[79],"reliability,":[81],"achieving":[82],"an":[83],"F1":[84],"Macro":[85],"score":[86],"approximately":[88],"0.80":[89],"for":[90,180],"English":[91],"other":[93,181],"high-resource":[94],"languages.":[95],"For":[96],"mid-resource":[97],"languages,":[98],"achieve":[100],"0.65,":[101],"while":[102],"performance":[104,142],"low-resource":[106],"languages":[107,144,156],"varies.":[108],"In":[109],"all":[110],"cases,":[111],"time":[113],"remains":[116],"(which":[121],"dub":[123],"permanence":[125],")":[126],"is":[127],"one":[128],"most":[131],"predictive":[132],"features.":[133],"We":[134,160],"highlight":[135],"challenge":[137],"maintaining":[139],"consistent":[140],"resource":[147],"levels":[148],"demonstrate":[150],"adapting":[152],"models":[153],"from":[154],"higher-resource":[155],"can":[157,164],"improve":[158],"performance.":[159],"believe":[161],"these":[162],"findings":[163],"assist":[165],"Wikipedia":[166],"editors":[167],"their":[169],"ongoing":[170],"efforts":[171],"verify":[173],"citations":[174],"may":[176],"offer":[177],"useful":[178],"insights":[179],"user-generated":[182],"content":[183],"communities.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2024-11-13T00:00:00"}
