{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135027168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776734.3794484","title":"Towards a Usage-Based Pedagogy for Second Language Learning with Robots","display_name":"Towards a Usage-Based Pedagogy for Second Language Learning with Robots","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135027168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776734.3794484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3776734.3794484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776734.3794484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01KMG7E1RFV5XSZJ07GRZ8Z573/file/01KMG7TGWHGACASKTN29RABMCM.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128833588","display_name":"Eva Verhelst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Verhelst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University - imec, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4734-1551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University - imec, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128876448","display_name":"Tony Belpaeme","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Belpaeme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University - imec, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-7745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University - imec, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26927891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"690","last_page":"694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.20659999549388885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.20659999549388885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.07880000025033951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.050700001418590546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5568000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language","display_name":"Second language","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"Language acquisition","score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiential-learning","display_name":"Experiential learning","score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension-approach","display_name":"Comprehension approach","score":0.263700008392334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5568000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987567764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125421","display_name":"Second language","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3776734.3794484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776734.3794484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01KMG7E1RFV5XSZJ07GRZ8Z573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01KMG7E1RFV5XSZJ07GRZ8Z573","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01KMG7E1RFV5XSZJ07GRZ8Z573/file/01KMG7TGWHGACASKTN29RABMCM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9798400723216","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01KMG7E1RFV5XSZJ07GRZ8Z573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01KMG7E1RFV5XSZJ07GRZ8Z573","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01KMG7E1RFV5XSZJ07GRZ8Z573/file/01KMG7TGWHGACASKTN29RABMCM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9798400723216","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7301111221313477,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G219846867","display_name":"Constraining Large Language Models for Trustworthy and Effective AI Tutors","funder_award_id":"1S50425N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7135027168.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7135027168.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995911123","https://openalex.org/W2005844576","https://openalex.org/W2011147132","https://openalex.org/W2012589285","https://openalex.org/W2060880492","https://openalex.org/W2288663400","https://openalex.org/W2887260263","https://openalex.org/W2916979304","https://openalex.org/W2933669591","https://openalex.org/W2980590671","https://openalex.org/W3011832253","https://openalex.org/W3150945073","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4323687861","https://openalex.org/W4378388287","https://openalex.org/W4390954073","https://openalex.org/W4392100823","https://openalex.org/W4402670485","https://openalex.org/W4410298247","https://openalex.org/W6949549905"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,20,44,68,161],"generative":[3],"AI":[4],"and":[5,48,95,109,118,129,138,144,170],"social":[6,159],"robotics":[7],"have":[8],"opened":[9],"new":[10],"possibilities":[11],"for":[12,57,85,92,147],"robot-assisted":[13],"language":[14,31,41,83,122,135],"learning,":[15,42],"yet":[16],"integrating":[17],"these":[18],"technologies":[19],"pedagogically":[21],"sound":[22],"ways":[23],"remains":[24],"challenging.":[25],"This":[26,150],"paper":[27],"matches":[28],"theories":[29,120],"of":[30,36,121,157],"learning":[32,43,171],"to":[33,54,98,106,153],"the":[34,113,126,154],"design":[35,166],"autonomous":[37],"robot":[38,77],"tutors.":[39],"Usage-based":[40],"context,":[45],"Self-Determination":[46],"Theory":[47,51],"Dual":[49],"Coding":[50],"lend":[52],"themselves":[53],"being":[55],"operationalised":[56],"Robot-Assisted":[58],"Language":[59],"Learning.":[60],"We":[61,124],"present":[62],"a":[63,70,73,76],"proof-of-concept":[64],"shared":[65],"story-building":[66],"system,":[67],"which":[69],"learner":[71,93,107],"co-creates":[72],"story":[74],"with":[75,116],"tutor.":[78],"The":[79],"system":[80,114],"leverages":[81],"large":[82,134],"models":[84],"dynamic":[86],"content":[87],"generation,":[88],"automatic":[89,139],"speech":[90,140],"recognition":[91,141],"input,":[94,108],"image":[96],"generation":[97],"provide":[99],"multimodal":[100],"scaffolding.":[101],"By":[102],"embedding":[103],"vocabulary,":[104],"adapting":[105],"avoiding":[110],"explicit":[111],"corrections,":[112],"aligns":[115],"usage-based":[117],"interactionist":[119],"acquisition.":[123],"discuss":[125],"technological":[127],"enablers":[128],"barriers":[130],"-":[131,143],"such":[132],"as":[133],"model":[136],"adaptability":[137],"limitations":[142],"propose":[145],"directions":[146],"future":[148],"work.":[149],"work":[151],"contributes":[152],"growing":[155],"field":[156],"AI-powered":[158],"robots":[160],"education,":[162],"demonstrating":[163],"how":[164],"theory-driven":[165],"can":[167],"enhance":[168],"engagement":[169],"outcomes.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}