{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7119497464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776651","title":"Probabilistic Concurrent Reasoning in Outcome Logic: Independence, Conditioning, and Invariants","display_name":"Probabilistic Concurrent Reasoning in Outcome Logic: Independence, Conditioning, and Invariants","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7119497464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3776651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776651","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063395029","display_name":"Noam Zilberstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-063X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noam Zilberstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-063X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alexandra Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-9784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-9784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073987903","display_name":"Joseph Tassarotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-3347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Tassarotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-3347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94651825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"POPL","first_page":"235","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.6126999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.6126999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.14560000598430634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.13899999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.8442000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-argumentation","display_name":"Probabilistic argumentation","score":0.574400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-ctl","display_name":"Probabilistic CTL","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic-network","display_name":"Probabilistic logic network","score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation-logic","display_name":"Separation logic","score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrency","display_name":"Concurrency","score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.33079999685287476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.8442000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.710099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128828806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246848","display_name":"Probabilistic argumentation","level":3,"score":0.574400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52063229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246845","display_name":"Probabilistic CTL","level":4,"score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18998212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246856","display_name":"Probabilistic logic network","level":5,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173856430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3257964","display_name":"Separation logic","level":2,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193702766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414548","display_name":"Concurrency","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143017306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318133","display_name":"Probabilistic relevance model","level":4,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47884741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166618","display_name":"Mathematical logic","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18653775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333358","display_name":"Joint probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3776651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3776651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1464569014","https://openalex.org/W1495368328","https://openalex.org/W1511487092","https://openalex.org/W1608869910","https://openalex.org/W1734364899","https://openalex.org/W1964907332","https://openalex.org/W1970904244","https://openalex.org/W1981404622","https://openalex.org/W2008132476","https://openalex.org/W2014552079","https://openalex.org/W2015797339","https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2055454967","https://openalex.org/W2064710146","https://openalex.org/W2072033902","https://openalex.org/W2073346043","https://openalex.org/W2074199912","https://openalex.org/W2091188761","https://openalex.org/W2102750354","https://openalex.org/W2119554145","https://openalex.org/W2131848219","https://openalex.org/W2132761501","https://openalex.org/W2137628566","https://openalex.org/W2147323041","https://openalex.org/W2148687959","https://openalex.org/W2150320481","https://openalex.org/W2166332856","https://openalex.org/W2166666675","https://openalex.org/W2168690953","https://openalex.org/W2560355278","https://openalex.org/W2785464537","https://openalex.org/W2860675612","https://openalex.org/W2901454403","https://openalex.org/W2962831884","https://openalex.org/W2962835979","https://openalex.org/W2964942624","https://openalex.org/W2981188613","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W3173741849","https://openalex.org/W3215996134","https://openalex.org/W4213381987","https://openalex.org/W4318145701","https://openalex.org/W4323570470","https://openalex.org/W4379518563","https://openalex.org/W4396215524","https://openalex.org/W4401597069","https://openalex.org/W4401603148","https://openalex.org/W4402425165","https://openalex.org/W4403222953","https://openalex.org/W4404342313","https://openalex.org/W4405432368","https://openalex.org/W4406257902","https://openalex.org/W4409970774","https://openalex.org/W4411088602","https://openalex.org/W4411267579","https://openalex.org/W4412989472","https://openalex.org/W7110427502"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"randomization":[1],"has":[2],"long":[3],"been":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,79],"distributed":[7],"computing,":[8],"formal":[9],"methods":[10],"for":[11],"reasoning":[12],"aboutprobabilistic":[13],"concurrent":[14],"programs":[15,33],"have":[16],"lagged":[17],"behind.":[18],"No":[19],"existing":[20],"program":[21],"logics":[22,59],"can":[23],"express":[24],"specificationsabout":[25],"the":[26,73],"full":[27],"distributions":[28,92],"of":[29,75,133],"outcomes":[30,99],"resulting":[31],"from":[32],"that":[34,114],"are":[35],"both":[36],"probabilistic":[37,57,84],"and":[38,56],"concurrent.":[39],"To":[40],"address":[41],"this,":[42],"we":[43],"introduce":[44,64],"Probabilistic":[45],"Concurrent":[46,76],"Outcome":[47,61],"Logic":[48,62,78],"(":[49],"pcOL":[50,71,122],"),":[51],"which":[52],"incorporates":[53],"ideas":[54],"fromconcurrent":[55],"separation":[58],"into":[60],"to":[63,88,109,128],"new":[65],"compositional":[66],"reasoningprinciples.":[67],"At":[68],"its":[69],"core,":[70],"reinterprets":[72],"rules":[74],"Separation":[77],"a":[80,124],"setting":[81],"where":[82],"separationmodels":[83],"independence,":[85],"so":[86],"as":[87,103],"compositionally":[89],"describe":[90],"joint":[91],"over":[93],"variables":[94],"inconcurrent":[95],"threads.":[96],"Reasoning":[97],"about":[98,112],"also":[100],"proves":[101],"crucial,":[102],"case":[104],"analysis":[105],"is":[106],"often":[107],"necessary":[108],"deriveprecise":[110],"information":[111],"threads":[113],"rely":[115],"on":[116,123],"randomized":[117],"shared":[118],"state.":[119],"We":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"variety":[125],"ofexamples,":[126],"including":[127],"prove":[129],"almost":[130],"sure":[131],"termination":[132],"unbounded":[134],"loops.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T05:52:16.776730","created_date":"2026-01-09T00:00:00"}