{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416191383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776582","title":"A Taxonomy and Comparative Analysis of IPv4 Identifier Selection Correctness, Security, and Performance","display_name":"A Taxonomy and Comparative Analysis of IPv4 Identifier Selection Correctness, Security, and Performance","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416191383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3776582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070425572","display_name":"Joshua J. Daymude","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-5626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273204","display_name":"Society for Vascular Surgery","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2b1f74","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua J. Daymude","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University","Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-5626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056447496","display_name":"Antonio M. Espinoza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3175-2029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159107703","display_name":"Eastern Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/002g57a93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159107703"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio M. Espinoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Eastern Washington University","College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Eastern Washington University, Spokane, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3175-2029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Eastern Washington University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159107703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Eastern Washington University, Spokane, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159107703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108670933","display_name":"Helen Bergen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3570-5120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273204","display_name":"Society for Vascular Surgery","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2b1f74","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holly Bergen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University","Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States","School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3570-5120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063452448","display_name":"Benjamin Mixon-Baca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-4578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273204","display_name":"Society for Vascular Surgery","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2b1f74","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Mixon-Baca","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University","Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-4578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090676946","display_name":"Jeffrey Knockel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6239-9725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135474949","display_name":"Bowdoin College","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh96r95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Knockel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bowdoin College","Department of Computer Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6239-9725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bowdoin College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043229300","display_name":"Jedidiah R. Crandall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-2992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273204","display_name":"Society for Vascular Surgery","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2b1f74","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jedidiah R. Crandall","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University","Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-2992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72790775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv4","display_name":"IPv4","score":0.843500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7491000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv6","display_name":"IPv6","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-address","display_name":"Network address","score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.4625000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8888000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11103","display_name":"IPv4","level":4,"score":0.843500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7491000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84555802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551624","display_name":"IPv6","level":3,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5388000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776599810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4418000","display_name":"Network address","level":2,"score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.4586000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22111027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070427","display_name":"Internet security","level":4,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131275738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445023","display_name":"Security bug","level":5,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985371682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11135","display_name":"Ip address","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113707754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581558","display_name":"NAT traversal","level":5,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204142451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11097","display_name":"IPv6 address","level":4,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77714075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5452017","display_name":"Firewall (physics)","level":5,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3776582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3776582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3254667246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N6600120C4020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25350463","https://openalex.org/W52006136","https://openalex.org/W88933163","https://openalex.org/W797440412","https://openalex.org/W1507409481","https://openalex.org/W1533833275","https://openalex.org/W1590810061","https://openalex.org/W1593925121","https://openalex.org/W1838445804","https://openalex.org/W1982812298","https://openalex.org/W1990920914","https://openalex.org/W2036068512","https://openalex.org/W2041188073","https://openalex.org/W2041453110","https://openalex.org/W2070670160","https://openalex.org/W2072730946","https://openalex.org/W2076622278","https://openalex.org/W2087321129","https://openalex.org/W2094479107","https://openalex.org/W2099137371","https://openalex.org/W2101774955","https://openalex.org/W2112228497","https://openalex.org/W2112746910","https://openalex.org/W2129498954","https://openalex.org/W2141405301","https://openalex.org/W2148275477","https://openalex.org/W2152965521","https://openalex.org/W2156896296","https://openalex.org/W2159256070","https://openalex.org/W2169455260","https://openalex.org/W2171861685","https://openalex.org/W2288359499","https://openalex.org/W2573146560","https://openalex.org/W2706122055","https://openalex.org/W2737058386","https://openalex.org/W2791547242","https://openalex.org/W2888853184","https://openalex.org/W2889555490","https://openalex.org/W2965279841","https://openalex.org/W3001942212","https://openalex.org/W3082884087","https://openalex.org/W3155942320","https://openalex.org/W3204548492","https://openalex.org/W4225341227","https://openalex.org/W4225646281","https://openalex.org/W4235381699","https://openalex.org/W4242671632","https://openalex.org/W4243420524","https://openalex.org/W4248994581","https://openalex.org/W4252707647","https://openalex.org/W4386585189","https://openalex.org/W4408197539"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"battle":[1],"for":[2,45,89],"a":[3],"more":[4],"secure":[5],"Internet":[6,34],"is":[7,21],"waged":[8],"on":[9],"many":[10],"fronts,":[11],"including":[12],"the":[13,22,33,59,66,102],"most":[14],"basic":[15],"of":[16,62,96,104],"networking":[17],"protocols.":[18],"Our":[19],"focus":[20],"IPv4":[23,27],"Identifier":[24],"(IPID),":[25],"an":[26,36,41],"header":[28],"field":[29],"as":[30,32,40,92,94],"old":[31],"with":[35],"equally":[37],"long":[38],"history":[39,61],"exploited":[42],"side":[43],"channel":[44],"scanning":[46],"network":[47,108],"properties,":[48],"inferring":[49],"off-path":[50],"connections,":[51],"and":[52,65,79,81],"poisoning":[53],"DNS":[54],"caches.":[55],"This":[56],"article":[57],"taxonomizes":[58],"25-year":[60],"IPID-based":[63],"exploits":[64],"corresponding":[67],"changes":[68],"to":[69],"IPID":[70],"selection":[71],"methods.":[72],"By":[73],"mathematically":[74],"analyzing":[75],"these":[76],"methods\u2019":[77],"correctness":[78],"security":[80],"empirically":[82],"evaluating":[83],"their":[84],"performance,":[85],"we":[86],"reveal":[87],"recommendations":[88],"best":[90],"practice":[91],"well":[93],"shortcomings":[95],"current":[97],"operating":[98],"system":[99],"implementations,":[100],"emphasizing":[101],"value":[103],"systematic":[105],"evaluations":[106],"in":[107],"security.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}
