{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162671561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774905.3795610","title":"Robust Harmful Meme Detection under Missing Modalities via Shared Representation Learning","display_name":"Robust Harmful Meme Detection under Missing Modalities via Shared Representation Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162671561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774905.3795610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3774905.3795610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774905.3795610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774905.3795610","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124937226","display_name":"Felix Breiteneder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Breiteneder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4351-5588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101856565","display_name":"Mohammad Belal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-5873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Belal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-5873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101076782","display_name":"Muhammad Saad Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-9499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092198","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Flint","ror":"https://ror.org/01c3xc117","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092198"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Saad Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Flint, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-9499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Flint, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066885897","display_name":"Shahed Masoudian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2747-0386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahed Masoudian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2747-0386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137282417","display_name":"Usman Naseem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-7171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Naseem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-7171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120477686","display_name":"Kulshrestha Juhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kulshrestha Juhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4375-4641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091259315","display_name":"Markus Schedl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-3406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Schedl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria and Linz Institute of Technology, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-3406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria and Linz Institute of Technology, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016485532","display_name":"Shah Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-4409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shah Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-4409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"273","last_page":"278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.4246000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.4246000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.05590000003576279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.045099999755620956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.2906999886035919}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982736386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Statistical learning","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3774905.3795610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774905.3795610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/146281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/f33e200e-ddca-4d79-8718-88da634d10e2","pdf_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/files/226179374/Robust_Harmful_Meme_Detection_under_Missing_Modalities_via_Shared_Representation_Learning.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3774905.3795610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774905.3795610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6044449806213379,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970231061","https://openalex.org/W3175392088","https://openalex.org/W3175825020","https://openalex.org/W3199394329","https://openalex.org/W4225303565","https://openalex.org/W4285606948","https://openalex.org/W4313164293","https://openalex.org/W4321480037","https://openalex.org/W4367047467","https://openalex.org/W4387969708","https://openalex.org/W4389520473","https://openalex.org/W4396723445","https://openalex.org/W4404783463","https://openalex.org/W4410970740"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"memes":[1],"are":[2],"powerful":[3],"tools":[4],"for":[5,122,165],"communication,":[6],"capable":[7],"of":[8,99,107,168,197],"spreading":[9],"political,":[10],"psychological,":[11],"and":[12,20,51,77,175],"sociocultural":[13],"ideas.":[14],"However,":[15],"they":[16],"can":[17,21,132],"be":[18,22,61,134],"harmful":[19,100,198],"used":[23],"to":[24,64,74,79,94],"disseminate":[25],"hate":[26],"toward":[27],"targeted":[28],"individuals":[29],"or":[30],"groups.":[31],"Although":[32],"previous":[33],"studies":[34],"have":[35],"focused":[36],"on":[37,45,142,173],"designing":[38],"new":[39,114],"detection":[40,102],"methods,":[41],"these":[42,158],"often":[43],"rely":[44],"modal-complete":[46],"data,":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49],"text":[50,59,154,174],"images.":[52],"In":[53],"real-world":[54,195],"settings,":[55],"however,":[56],"modalities":[57,124],"like":[58,66],"may":[60],"missing":[62,75],"due":[63],"issues":[65],"poor":[67],"OCR":[68],"quality,":[69],"making":[70],"existing":[71,151],"methods":[72,103],"sensitive":[73],"information":[76,182],"leading":[78],"performance":[80],"deterioration.":[81],"To":[82],"address":[83],"this":[84,87],"gap,":[85],"in":[86,104,178,192,202],"paper,":[88],"we":[89,111],"present":[90],"the":[91,97,105,194],"first-of-its-kind":[92],"work":[93,186],"comprehensively":[95],"investigate":[96],"behavior":[98],"meme":[101,199],"presence":[106],"modal-incomplete":[108],"data.":[109],"Specifically,":[110],"propose":[112],"a":[113,119,188,205],"baseline":[115],"method":[116,149,163],"that":[117,147,161],"learns":[118],"shared":[120,130],"representation":[121],"multiple":[123],"by":[125],"projecting":[126],"them":[127],"independently.":[128],"These":[129],"representations":[131],"then":[133],"leveraged":[135],"when":[136,153],"data":[137],"is":[138,155,183,207],"modal-incomplete.":[139],"Experimental":[140],"results":[141,159],"two":[143],"benchmark":[144],"datasets":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"our":[148,162],"outperforms":[150],"approaches":[152],"missing.":[156,184],"Moreover,":[157],"suggest":[160],"allows":[164],"better":[166],"integration":[167],"visual":[169],"features,":[170],"reducing":[171],"dependence":[172],"improving":[176],"robustness":[177],"scenarios":[179],"where":[180,204],"textual":[181],"Our":[185],"represents":[187],"significant":[189],"step":[190],"forward":[191],"enabling":[193],"application":[196],"detection,":[200],"particularly":[201],"situations":[203],"modality":[206],"absent.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-05-29T00:00:00"}