{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7156251670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774904.3792261","title":"Dynamic Routing-Based Adaptive Multi-LLM Collaboration: A Unified Recommendation Framework with Decision Knowledge Complementation","display_name":"Dynamic Routing-Based Adaptive Multi-LLM Collaboration: A Unified Recommendation Framework with Decision Knowledge Complementation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7156251670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774904.3792261"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3774904.3792261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774904.3792261","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774904.3792261","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102437168","display_name":"Jiale Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-2837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiale Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3626-7933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134745199","display_name":"Yingyuan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-8638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingyuan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-8638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052639977","display_name":"Likang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-8587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132369690","display_name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018rbtf37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Likang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China and Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-8587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China and Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690","https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091339016","display_name":"Xu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-5748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-5748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134675831","display_name":"Wengguang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-6611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wengguang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-6611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041258260","display_name":"Qingbo Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-4948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingbo Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-4948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101074460","display_name":"Ming He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156165","display_name":"Lenovo (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04srd9d93","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156165"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lenovo Research, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-7472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lenovo Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017692278","display_name":"Hongke Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3099-4803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132369690","display_name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018rbtf37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongke Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China and Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3099-4803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China and Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690","https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6126","last_page":"6136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4690000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4690000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.08449999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.054099999368190765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.5468999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adapter","display_name":"Adapter (computing)","score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enabling","display_name":"Enabling","score":0.34279999136924744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8026999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.5468999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177284502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005390","display_name":"Adapter (computing)","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22607594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375150","display_name":"Enabling","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24856439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352483","display_name":"Adaptive routing","level":5,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3774904.3792261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774904.3792261","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3774904.3792261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774904.3792261","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.42514553666114807}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042281163","https://openalex.org/W2963367478","https://openalex.org/W4225886166","https://openalex.org/W4296591867","https://openalex.org/W4365211555","https://openalex.org/W4386728933","https://openalex.org/W4386729952","https://openalex.org/W4388691863","https://openalex.org/W4392367398","https://openalex.org/W4392846385","https://openalex.org/W4396735217","https://openalex.org/W4396758712","https://openalex.org/W4396843692","https://openalex.org/W4396843973","https://openalex.org/W4400525124","https://openalex.org/W4400528558","https://openalex.org/W4401834466","https://openalex.org/W4403577399","https://openalex.org/W4403577838","https://openalex.org/W4403582619","https://openalex.org/W4409365090","https://openalex.org/W4409366070","https://openalex.org/W4415797314","https://openalex.org/W4415798326"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"LLM-driven":[1],"recommendation":[2,109,187],"systems":[3],"(RS)":[4],"suffer":[5],"from":[6],"over-reliance":[7],"on":[8,155],"a":[9,42,68,133,191],"single":[10],"pre-trained":[11],"model,":[12],"which":[13,120],"limits":[14],"adaptability":[15],"across":[16,167],"diverse":[17],"scenarios":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,83,105,136],"differences":[21],"in":[22,27],"large":[23],"language":[24],"models'":[25],"strengths":[26],"semantics,":[28],"knowledge,":[29],"and":[30,56,100,130,198],"reasoning.":[31],"To":[32],"address":[33],"this":[34,178],"issue,":[35],"we":[36],"propose":[37],"AMLrec":[38,141],"(Adaptive":[39],"Multi-LLM":[40],"Recommendation),":[41],"dynamic":[43,183],"routing-based":[44],"adaptive":[45],"multi-LLM":[46,186],"collaboration":[47],"framework":[48],"that":[49,73,159,194],"unifies":[50],"two":[51],"dominant":[52],"paradigms\u2014LLM":[53],"as":[54],"Recommender":[55],"LLM":[57,78,203],"+":[58],"Recommender\u2014through":[59],"decision":[60],"knowledge":[61],"complementation.":[62],"For":[63],"each":[64],"user":[65],"or":[66],"item,":[67],"lightweight":[69,134],"encoder":[70],"generates":[71],"embeddings":[72,125],"are":[74,103,121,180],"compared":[75],"with":[76,123],"learnable":[77,124],"prototypes":[79],"using":[80,132],"cosine":[81],"similarity":[82],"select":[84],"the":[85,90,107,112,147,160],"most":[86],"suitable":[87],"models.":[88],"In":[89,111],"first":[91],"paradigm,":[92,114],"selected":[93],"LLMs":[94,116],"generate":[95],"recommendations":[96],"via":[97],"structured":[98],"prompts,":[99],"their":[101],"outputs":[102],"aggregated":[104],"form":[106],"final":[108],"list.":[110],"second":[113],"chosen":[115],"produce":[117],"semantic":[118],"embeddings,":[119],"fused":[122],"after":[126],"PCA-based":[127],"dimensionality":[128],"reduction":[129],"aligned":[131],"adapter":[135],"bridge":[137],"distribution":[138],"gaps.":[139],"Notably,":[140],"does":[142],"not":[143],"require":[144],"fine-tuning":[145],"of":[146,177],"underlying":[148],"LLMs,":[149],"significantly":[150],"reducing":[151],"computational":[152],"overhead.":[153],"Experiments":[154],"real-world":[156],"datasets":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"proposed":[161],"approach":[162],"consistently":[163],"outperforms":[164],"single-LLM":[165],"baselines":[166],"all":[168],"evaluation":[169],"metrics,":[170],"validating":[171],"its":[172],"effectiveness.":[173],"The":[174,205],"main":[175],"contributions":[176],"work":[179],"threefold:":[181],"introducing":[182],"routing":[184],"for":[185],"system":[188],"collaboration,":[189],"proposing":[190],"unified":[192],"architecture":[193],"harmonizes":[195],"both":[196],"paradigms,":[197],"enabling":[199],"efficient":[200],"adaptation":[201],"without":[202],"fine-tuning.":[204],"code":[206],"is":[207],"available":[208],"at":[209],"https://github.com/Jiale-12138/AMLrec.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-04-28T00:00:00"}
