{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165548886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774398.3811621","title":"The Impact of Reward System Visibility on Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes in a Digital Math Platform","display_name":"The Impact of Reward System Visibility on Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes in a Digital Math Platform","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165548886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774398.3811621"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3774398.3811621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774398.3811621","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774398.3811621","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092360858","display_name":"Rae Bastoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153386","display_name":"Carnegie Learning, Inc. (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5a0582","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rae Bastoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6813-7359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068230229","display_name":"Tyree S. Cowell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-9426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153386","display_name":"Carnegie Learning, Inc. (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5a0582","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyree Cowell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-9426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004176645","display_name":"April Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8283-2868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153386","display_name":"Carnegie Learning, Inc. (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5a0582","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"April Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8283-2868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139063474","display_name":"Patrick McMahon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1131-5881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153386","display_name":"Carnegie Learning, Inc. (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5a0582","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick McMahon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1131-5881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031937131","display_name":"K. Norberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7620-0680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153386","display_name":"Carnegie Learning, Inc. (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5a0582","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kole Norberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7620-0680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Learning, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153386"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93758042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"12","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.17139999568462372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.17139999568462372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.1274999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.09290000051259995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.7192999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.6841999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-system","display_name":"Reward system","score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-learning","display_name":"Digital learning","score":0.3402000069618225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.7192999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.6841999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143661069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670713","display_name":"Reward system","level":2,"score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5587000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780468074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16628824","display_name":"Digital learning","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984870255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5196451","display_name":"User engagement","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3774398.3811621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774398.3811621","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3774398.3811621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3774398.3811621","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6825019121170044,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1410719325","https://openalex.org/W1532860650","https://openalex.org/W1913957972","https://openalex.org/W1998933811","https://openalex.org/W2007851141","https://openalex.org/W2013107345","https://openalex.org/W2023718959","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2130337868","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2170467533","https://openalex.org/W2479485957","https://openalex.org/W2561729837","https://openalex.org/W2590009086","https://openalex.org/W2761376182","https://openalex.org/W2806538597","https://openalex.org/W2944689091","https://openalex.org/W2961814525","https://openalex.org/W2968628489","https://openalex.org/W3010425548","https://openalex.org/W3016306176","https://openalex.org/W3042860537","https://openalex.org/W4213427484","https://openalex.org/W4387454440","https://openalex.org/W4390904158","https://openalex.org/W4395695231","https://openalex.org/W4410488786","https://openalex.org/W4416395862","https://openalex.org/W7127277115"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Student":[0],"motivation":[1],"is":[2,207],"essential":[3],"for":[4,65,198],"learning,":[5],"especially":[6],"in":[7,133],"digital":[8],"environments":[9],"where":[10],"students":[11,33,67,88],"must":[12],"regulate":[13],"their":[14],"own":[15],"engagement.":[16],"Reward":[17],"systems":[18],"are":[19,43],"commonly":[20],"used":[21],"to":[22,104,154],"encourage":[23],"engagement,":[24],"but":[25],"these":[26],"features":[27],"can":[28,184,194],"go":[29],"unused,":[30],"either":[31],"because":[32,41],"do":[34],"not":[35,44],"find":[36],"the":[37,48,81,90,96,108,147,175,188,216],"rewards":[38,102,131,144,156,191],"engaging":[39],"or":[40],"they":[42],"well":[45],"understood.":[46],"In":[47,116],"present":[49],"study,":[50],"we":[51,93],"tested":[52],"whether":[53,73],"increased":[54,70,125,135],"visibility":[55,123],"of":[56,100,119,130,138,190,205,215],"a":[57,61,117,181],"reward":[58,151,165,182],"system":[59,183],"within":[60,80],"mathematics":[62],"learning":[63],"platform":[64],"middle-school":[66],"would":[68],"drive":[69],"engagement":[71,179],"and":[72,98,111,128,145,187,212],"this":[74,206],"was":[75],"associated":[76],"with":[77,180],"improved":[78],"performance":[79],"platform.":[82],"Using":[83],"log":[84],"data":[85],"from":[86],"28,749":[87],"across":[89],"United":[91],"States,":[92],"analyzed":[94],"how":[95],"purchase":[97],"application":[99,129],"non-instructional":[101],"related":[103],"lesson":[105,148],"completion,":[106],"passing":[107,112,146],"first":[109],"attempt,":[110],"after":[113],"initial":[114],"failure.":[115],"series":[118],"path":[120],"models,":[121],"greater":[122],"significantly":[124],"both":[126],"purchasing":[127],"which":[132],"turn":[134],"completion":[136,169],"rates":[137,163],"lessons.":[139],"The":[140],"relationship":[141],"between":[142],"applying":[143],"varied":[149],"by":[150],"type.":[152],"Opting":[153],"use":[155,166],"contingent":[157,167,208],"on":[158,168,209],"success":[159],"predicted":[160,170],"higher":[161],"pass":[162,172],"whereas":[164],"lower":[171],"rates.":[173],"Overall,":[174],"findings":[176],"suggested":[177],"that":[178],"promote":[185],"persistence,":[186],"types":[189],"learners":[192],"choose":[193],"act":[195],"as":[196],"signals":[197],"different":[199],"states":[200],"(e.g.,":[201],"struggling).":[202],"However,":[203],"all":[204],"learners'":[210],"understanding":[211],"perceived":[213],"value":[214],"system.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-06-23T00:00:00"}
