{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129001209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773966.3777970","title":"Unlocking Scaling Law in Industrial Recommendation Systems with a Three-step Paradigm based Large User Model","display_name":"Unlocking Scaling Law in Industrial Recommendation Systems with a Three-step Paradigm based Large User Model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129001209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773966.3777970"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3773966.3777970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773966.3777970","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773966.3777970","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028779371","display_name":"Bencheng Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bencheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5919-3435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100690917","display_name":"Shilei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-6256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-6256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104236158","display_name":"Zhiyuan Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2416-8340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zihao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0892-0739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0892-0739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yizhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5320-8547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5320-8547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126116937","display_name":"Yujin Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujin Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9459-6488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075851850","display_name":"Langming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-3381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Langming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-3381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126156723","display_name":"Jiaqi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0447-926X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126131522","display_name":"Di Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6497-9870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124038958","display_name":"Wenbo Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3800-7543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126160107","display_name":"Pengjie Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4285-5033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-1005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-1005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126096427","display_name":"Bo Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-6315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"798","last_page":"807"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.7041000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.7041000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.05590000003576279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.703499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6396999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.49300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.703499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.652400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6396999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988430800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428971","display_name":"Scaling law","level":3,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3773966.3777970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773966.3777970","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3773966.3777970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773966.3777970","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2723293840","https://openalex.org/W2793768763","https://openalex.org/W2962745591","https://openalex.org/W2963367478","https://openalex.org/W2984100107","https://openalex.org/W3036320503","https://openalex.org/W3093519337","https://openalex.org/W4290928026","https://openalex.org/W4296591867","https://openalex.org/W4385562613","https://openalex.org/W4386728933","https://openalex.org/W4396757491","https://openalex.org/W4403582496"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,31,88,177,188],"autoregressive":[3,131],"Large":[4,96],"Language":[5],"Models":[6,64],"(LLMs)":[7],"have":[8],"achieved":[9],"remarkable":[10],"progress,":[11],"largely":[12],"driven":[13],"by":[14,23,38],"their":[15],"scalability\u2014commonly":[16],"formalized":[17],"as":[18,42,162],"the":[19,56,82,107,128,163],"scaling":[20,86],"law.":[21],"Inspired":[22],"these":[24,118],"successes,":[25],"there":[26],"has":[27,173],"been":[28,174],"growing":[29],"interest":[30],"adapting":[32],"LLMs":[33],"to":[34,126,167],"recommendation":[35,40,114],"systems":[36],"(RecSys)":[37],"reformulating":[39],"tasks":[41],"generative":[43,110],"sequence":[44],"modeling":[45,111],"problems.":[46],"However,":[47],"existing":[48],"End-to-End":[49],"Generative":[50],"Recommendation":[51,63],"(E2E-GR)":[52],"methods":[53],"often":[54],"sacrifice":[55],"practical":[57,198],"advantages":[58],"of":[59,85,130],"traditional":[60],"Deep":[61],"Learning-based":[62],"(DLRMs)\u2014including":[65],"mature":[66],"feature":[67],"engineering,":[68],"modular":[69],"architectures,":[70],"and":[71,102,112,148,197],"production-grade":[72],"optimization":[73],"practices.":[74],"This":[75],"trade-off":[76],"introduces":[77],"critical":[78],"challenges":[79],"that":[80,105,143],"hinder":[81],"effective":[83],"application":[84],"laws":[87],"industrial":[89,113,180],"RecSys.":[90],"In":[91],"this":[92],"paper,":[93],"we":[94],"present":[95],"User":[97],"Model":[98],"(LUM),":[99],"a":[100,121,178,189],"scalable":[101],"production-aware":[103],"framework":[104],"bridges":[106],"gap":[108],"between":[109],"requirements.":[115],"LUM":[116,144,155,172],"addresses":[117],"limitations":[119],"through":[120],"principled":[122],"three-step":[123],"paradigm,":[124],"designed":[125],"preserve":[127],"flexibility":[129],"generation":[132],"while":[133],"maintaining":[134],"compatibility":[135],"with":[136],"real-world":[137],"deployment":[138],"constraints.":[139],"Extensive":[140],"experiments":[141],"show":[142],"outperforms":[145],"state-of-the-art":[146],"DLRMs":[147],"E2E-GR":[149],"approaches":[150],"across":[151],"multiple":[152],"benchmarks.":[153],"Notably,":[154],"exhibits":[156],"strong":[157],"scalability:":[158],"performance":[159],"improves":[160],"consistently":[161],"model":[164],"scales":[165],"up":[166],"7":[168],"billion":[169],"parameters.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"successfully":[175],"deployed":[176],"large-scale":[179],"application,":[181],"where":[182],"it":[183],"delivered":[184],"statistically":[185],"significant":[186],"gains":[187],"live":[190],"A/B":[191],"test,":[192],"demonstrating":[193],"both":[194],"its":[195],"effectiveness":[196],"viability.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-02-17T00:00:00"}