{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116988760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772429.3772431","title":"Incentivizing Permissionless Distributed Learning of LLMs","display_name":"Incentivizing Permissionless Distributed Learning of LLMs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116988760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772429.3772431"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772429.3772431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772429.3772431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 The Seventh International Conference on Distributed Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772429.3772431","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121072490","display_name":"Joel Lidin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101554","display_name":"Kalam Research and Media","ror":"https://ror.org/018sdr586","country_code":"AE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101554"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joel Lidin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Templar, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Templar, Dubai, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092674594","display_name":"Amir Sarfi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801004183","display_name":"Temple College","ror":"https://ror.org/038s1ax16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801004183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Sarfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Templar, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Templar, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801004183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121089633","display_name":"Evangelos Pappas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114350","display_name":"Temple Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zarsr31","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114350"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos Pappas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Templar, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Templar, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121069120","display_name":"Samuel Dare","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101554","display_name":"Kalam Research and Media","ror":"https://ror.org/018sdr586","country_code":"AE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101554"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Dare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Templar, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Templar, Dubai, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025113992","display_name":"Eugene Belilovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-596X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Belilovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["MILA, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MILA, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121026310","display_name":"Jacob Steeves","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327992077","display_name":"Open Society Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/00qnfvz68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327992077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Steeves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Opentensor foundation, Lima, Peru"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opentensor foundation, Lima, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327992077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121072490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71185271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"12","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.21960000693798065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.21960000693798065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.18219999969005585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.14319999516010284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.6563000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-learning","display_name":"Distributed learning","score":0.39579999446868896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6744999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.6563000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779582901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21013010","display_name":"Distributed learning","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534932454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161410","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772429.3772431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772429.3772431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 The Seventh International Conference on Distributed Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772429.3772431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772429.3772431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 The Seventh International Conference on Distributed Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154581591","https://openalex.org/W4213446860","https://openalex.org/W4390780227","https://openalex.org/W4415798387"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,70,100],"describe":[1],"an":[2,102],"incentive":[3,19,165],"system":[4,105],"for":[5,16,76],"distributed":[6,60],"deep":[7],"learning":[8],"of":[9,40,79,109,147,163],"foundational":[10],"models":[11],"where":[12],"peers":[13,122],"are":[14],"rewarded":[15],"contributions.":[17,99],"The":[18],"system,":[20],"Gauntlet,":[21],"has":[22,135],"been":[23],"deployed":[24],"on":[25,65,72,123,144],"the":[26,45,87,92,124,145,161],"bittensor":[27],"blockchain":[28],"and":[29,83,95],"used":[30],"to":[31,57,106,120,141],"train":[32],"a":[33,73,117,151,154],"1.2B":[34,131,157],"LLM":[35],"with":[36,86],"completely":[37],"permissionless":[38],"contributions":[39],"pseudo-gradients:":[41],"no":[42],"control":[43],"over":[44],"users":[46],"that":[47,63,90,159],"can":[48,54],"register":[49],"or":[50,68],"their":[51,148],"hardware.":[52],"Gauntlet":[53],"be":[55],"applied":[56],"any":[58],"synchronous":[59],"training":[61,132],"scheme":[62],"relies":[64],"aggregating":[66],"updates":[67],"pseudo-gradients.":[69],"rely":[71],"two-stage":[74],"mechanism":[75,119],"fast":[77],"filtering":[78],"peer":[80],"uptime,":[81],"reliability,":[82],"synchronization,":[84],"combined":[85],"core":[88],"component":[89],"estimates":[91],"loss":[93],"before":[94],"after":[96],"individual":[97],"pseudo-gradient":[98,110],"utilized":[101],"OpenSkill":[103],"rating":[104],"track":[107],"competitiveness":[108],"scores":[111],"across":[112],"time.":[113],"Finally,":[114],"we":[115],"introduce":[116],"novel":[118],"ensure":[121],"network":[125],"perform":[126],"unique":[127],"computations.":[128],"Our":[129],"live":[130],"run,":[133],"which":[134],"paid":[136],"out":[137],"real-valued":[138],"monetary":[139],"rewards":[140],"participants":[142],"based":[143],"value":[146],"contributions,":[149],"yielded":[150],"competitive":[152],"(on":[153],"per-iteration":[155],"basis)":[156],"model":[158],"demonstrates":[160],"utility":[162],"our":[164],"system.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-23T00:00:00"}