{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154061935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3793807","title":"Understanding Gendered Experiences of Harassment Among Pakistani Young Adults Using Human-Centered Threat Modeling","display_name":"Understanding Gendered Experiences of Harassment Among Pakistani Young Adults Using Human-Centered Threat Modeling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154061935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3793807"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3793807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3793807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3793807","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133531340","display_name":"Warda Usman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1960-4396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warda Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1960-4396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133495712","display_name":"Taha Taha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8894-3231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taha Taha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA and CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8894-3231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA and CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121785119","display_name":"Saba Iqbal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saba Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0571-5229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102785983","display_name":"Amna Batool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-5352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amna Batool","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA and Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-5352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA and Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075763274","display_name":"Daniel Zappala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Zappala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2095-9983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.4320000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.4320000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.2535000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.18529999256134033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harassment","display_name":"Harassment","score":0.8073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.746399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociocultural-evolution","display_name":"Sociocultural evolution","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adult","display_name":"Young adult","score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-factors-and-ergonomics","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","score":0.3555000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240539","display_name":"Harassment","level":2,"score":0.8073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.746399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196187386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050187","display_name":"Sociocultural evolution","level":2,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992130448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784843","display_name":"Social pressure","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991770673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190007","display_name":"Young person","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3793807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3793807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3793807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3793807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.7767542004585266}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1835390727","https://openalex.org/W1984997401","https://openalex.org/W1999237979","https://openalex.org/W2001352856","https://openalex.org/W2039142735","https://openalex.org/W2046268351","https://openalex.org/W2050084610","https://openalex.org/W2094648091","https://openalex.org/W2114641497","https://openalex.org/W2124613123","https://openalex.org/W2129749811","https://openalex.org/W2133674686","https://openalex.org/W2145199570","https://openalex.org/W2150335690","https://openalex.org/W2153923621","https://openalex.org/W2616096991","https://openalex.org/W2721338650","https://openalex.org/W2736970349","https://openalex.org/W2775336929","https://openalex.org/W2796034586","https://openalex.org/W2885907435","https://openalex.org/W2911428659","https://openalex.org/W2954008130","https://openalex.org/W3036971092","https://openalex.org/W3082121050","https://openalex.org/W3156163456","https://openalex.org/W3163763835","https://openalex.org/W3177459360","https://openalex.org/W3189151419","https://openalex.org/W4210825865","https://openalex.org/W4225100575","https://openalex.org/W4225988919","https://openalex.org/W4238319340","https://openalex.org/W4253442904","https://openalex.org/W4293251721","https://openalex.org/W4309619914","https://openalex.org/W4318621026","https://openalex.org/W4391137595","https://openalex.org/W4391562934","https://openalex.org/W4391837501","https://openalex.org/W4396832536","https://openalex.org/W4396960898","https://openalex.org/W4406357935","https://openalex.org/W4409101647","https://openalex.org/W4411337423"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Harassment":[0],"impacts":[1],"the":[2,128],"safety":[3,143],"and":[4,24,30,43,75,110,141],"well-being":[5],"of":[6,22,66,85,136],"young":[7,39],"adults":[8,40],"in":[9],"Pakistan.":[10],"Prior":[11],"research":[12],"has":[13],"largely":[14],"focused":[15],"on":[16,48],"women,":[17],"often":[18],"imposing":[19],"external":[20],"definitions":[21,65,135],"harm":[23],"overlooking":[25],"how":[26,37],"individuals":[27],"themselves":[28],"understand":[29],"respond":[31],"to":[32,88,105,112],"harassment.":[33,46],"This":[34],"study":[35],"examines":[36],"Pakistani":[38],"define,":[41],"experience,":[42],"cope":[44],"with":[45],"Drawing":[47],"33":[49],"semi-structured":[50],"interviews":[51],"guided":[52],"by":[53,70,99],"a":[54,82],"human-centered":[55],"threat":[56,62],"modeling":[57],"framework,":[58],"we":[59],"surface":[60],"context-specific":[61],"models.":[63],"Participants\u2019":[64],"harassment":[67,80],"were":[68,119],"shaped":[69],"gender":[71],"norms,":[72],"religious":[73],"values,":[74],"moral":[76],"judgments.":[77],"Women":[78],"described":[79],"as":[81,103,121],"routine":[83],"part":[84],"life,":[86],"tied":[87],"public":[89],"visibility,":[90],"modesty":[91],"norms.":[92],"Men":[93],"also":[94],"reported":[95],"harassment,":[96],"though":[97],"framed":[98],"different":[100],"dynamics":[101],"such":[102],"pressure":[104],"maintain":[106],"control,":[107],"avoid":[108],"vulnerability,":[109],"conform":[111],"masculinity.":[113],"Across":[114],"participants,":[115],"formal":[116],"reporting":[117],"pathways":[118],"viewed":[120],"untrustworthy":[122],"or":[123],"unsafe.":[124],"Our":[125],"findings":[126],"highlight":[127],"need":[129],"for":[130],"interventions":[131],"that":[132],"reflect":[133],"local":[134],"harm,":[137],"address":[138],"relational":[139],"adversaries,":[140],"support":[142],"within":[144],"sociocultural":[145],"contexts.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}
