{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154051631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3792787","title":"From Human Pragmatic Language Skills to Conversational Agent Design: A Systematic Review of Transfer Strategies","display_name":"From Human Pragmatic Language Skills to Conversational Agent Design: A Systematic Review of Transfer Strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154051631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3792787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3792787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3792787","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3792787","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024583224","display_name":"Jiaxiong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-6101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxiong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-6101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128369040","display_name":"Xiwen Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiwen Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5897-0312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046514910","display_name":"Zeyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8199-071X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8199-071X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089907154","display_name":"Danxuan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4449-7764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danxuan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4449-7764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102959865","display_name":"Dongjie Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongjie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2808-8541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053220954","display_name":"Dingdong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-0979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingdong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-0979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014171196","display_name":"Junze Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-6495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junze Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-6495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052544493","display_name":"Yuanhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026376235","display_name":"Xiaojuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-7784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-7784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28723404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.8503999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.8503999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.052299998700618744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.7638999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-system","display_name":"Dialog system","score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-understanding","display_name":"Language understanding","score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.32580000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.7638999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6047000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190954187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270587","display_name":"Dialog system","level":3,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11693617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181839","display_name":"Pragmatics","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993724205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315","display_name":"Human language","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776960227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2586354","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3792787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3792787","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-172659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-172659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3792787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3792787","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8400311470031738}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":181,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21881960","https://openalex.org/W281132785","https://openalex.org/W1571638920","https://openalex.org/W1964164866","https://openalex.org/W1969152782","https://openalex.org/W1975753022","https://openalex.org/W1979531823","https://openalex.org/W1994660327","https://openalex.org/W2001374722","https://openalex.org/W2007830899","https://openalex.org/W2014714632","https://openalex.org/W2015064005","https://openalex.org/W2033692150","https://openalex.org/W2034698637","https://openalex.org/W2035056751","https://openalex.org/W2041364918","https://openalex.org/W2054810312","https://openalex.org/W2062160780","https://openalex.org/W2063085086","https://openalex.org/W2067724039","https://openalex.org/W2071967340","https://openalex.org/W2074772342","https://openalex.org/W2134144496","https://openalex.org/W2148794349","https://openalex.org/W2156328074","https://openalex.org/W2156897926","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2158607384","https://openalex.org/W2161466446","https://openalex.org/W2551588034","https://openalex.org/W2623779865","https://openalex.org/W2742631515","https://openalex.org/W2755291975","https://openalex.org/W2787712888","https://openalex.org/W2810840719","https://openalex.org/W2843010082","https://openalex.org/W2893067749","https://openalex.org/W2896069216","https://openalex.org/W2901201739","https://openalex.org/W2901724277","https://openalex.org/W2903642550","https://openalex.org/W2939803556","https://openalex.org/W2940530202","https://openalex.org/W2942700868","https://openalex.org/W2951583236","https://openalex.org/W2963967828","https://openalex.org/W2964262738","https://openalex.org/W2972203331","https://openalex.org/W2974974847","https://openalex.org/W2991833891","https://openalex.org/W2999581136","https://openalex.org/W3016125500","https://openalex.org/W3030172318","https://openalex.org/W3031532441","https://openalex.org/W3034879414","https://openalex.org/W3036187971","https://openalex.org/W3037111756","https://openalex.org/W3048100966","https://openalex.org/W3082818995","https://openalex.org/W3092619393","https://openalex.org/W3101433089","https://openalex.org/W3116106880","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3118898753","https://openalex.org/W3130167372","https://openalex.org/W3139433464","https://openalex.org/W3153622894","https://openalex.org/W3154683492","https://openalex.org/W3159016082","https://openalex.org/W3160278099","https://openalex.org/W3161951294","https://openalex.org/W3165655729","https://openalex.org/W3171850892","https://openalex.org/W3202442893","https://openalex.org/W3204753692","https://openalex.org/W3205604488","https://openalex.org/W3207535763","https://openalex.org/W3209511635","https://openalex.org/W3211781768","https://openalex.org/W3214539377","https://openalex.org/W4206556736","https://openalex.org/W4220841150","https://openalex.org/W4221163951","https://openalex.org/W4223646541","https://openalex.org/W4225003266","https://openalex.org/W4225115426","https://openalex.org/W4225115595","https://openalex.org/W4225324931","https://openalex.org/W4229038857","https://openalex.org/W4232857214","https://openalex.org/W4238722546","https://openalex.org/W4242435160","https://openalex.org/W4242761397","https://openalex.org/W4253239044","https://openalex.org/W4281654814","https://openalex.org/W4283733139","https://openalex.org/W4287887196","https://openalex.org/W4292825932","https://openalex.org/W4295308522","https://openalex.org/W4295919094","https://openalex.org/W4303649269","https://openalex.org/W4306165514","https://openalex.org/W4308784157","https://openalex.org/W4309759713","https://openalex.org/W4310350024","https://openalex.org/W4313547852","https://openalex.org/W4323033582","https://openalex.org/W4324140445","https://openalex.org/W4328051263","https://openalex.org/W4360991348","https://openalex.org/W4362472235","https://openalex.org/W4366004191","https://openalex.org/W4366351000","https://openalex.org/W4366547364","https://openalex.org/W4366591000","https://openalex.org/W4366597599","https://openalex.org/W4366729489","https://openalex.org/W4382927515","https://openalex.org/W4385573018","https://openalex.org/W4386614652","https://openalex.org/W4386844258","https://openalex.org/W4387331350","https://openalex.org/W4387589526","https://openalex.org/W4388506942","https://openalex.org/W4388634415","https://openalex.org/W4389009536","https://openalex.org/W4389036041","https://openalex.org/W4389294075","https://openalex.org/W4390117446","https://openalex.org/W4390117462","https://openalex.org/W4391757075","https://openalex.org/W4392563741","https://openalex.org/W4392574040","https://openalex.org/W4396218603","https://openalex.org/W4396230958","https://openalex.org/W4396750566","https://openalex.org/W4396761351","https://openalex.org/W4396833509","https://openalex.org/W4396833621","https://openalex.org/W4398216828","https://openalex.org/W4399199184","https://openalex.org/W4399210824","https://openalex.org/W4399802775","https://openalex.org/W4400396806","https://openalex.org/W4400396823","https://openalex.org/W4400611416","https://openalex.org/W4401043418","https://openalex.org/W4401250629","https://openalex.org/W4401364742","https://openalex.org/W4401480470","https://openalex.org/W4401526436","https://openalex.org/W4401633394","https://openalex.org/W4402671584","https://openalex.org/W4404609441","https://openalex.org/W4404969526","https://openalex.org/W4405185713","https://openalex.org/W4405585132","https://openalex.org/W4405812741","https://openalex.org/W4406229242","https://openalex.org/W4406674663","https://openalex.org/W4407772646","https://openalex.org/W4407905528","https://openalex.org/W4408204796","https://openalex.org/W4408257118","https://openalex.org/W4408906791","https://openalex.org/W4409494867","https://openalex.org/W4409506669","https://openalex.org/W4409523802","https://openalex.org/W4409709722","https://openalex.org/W4409746202","https://openalex.org/W4409746562","https://openalex.org/W4409749042","https://openalex.org/W4409749567","https://openalex.org/W4409766762","https://openalex.org/W4410157139","https://openalex.org/W4410537970","https://openalex.org/W4411349958","https://openalex.org/W4411541869","https://openalex.org/W4414619057","https://openalex.org/W4417050603","https://openalex.org/W7090901535"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"conversational":[1,30,95,144],"agents\u2019":[2],"(CAs)":[3],"semantic":[4],"and":[5,47,110,114,131],"syntactic":[6],"capabilities":[7],"have":[8,18],"advanced,":[9],"their":[10],"pragmatic":[11,68],"skills,":[12],"using":[13],"language":[14,149],"appropriately":[15],"in":[16,24],"context,":[17],"emerged":[19],"as":[20],"a":[21,62,76,122],"critical":[22],"focus":[23],"practical":[25],"applications.":[26],"Hence,":[27],"scholars":[28],"integrate":[29],"skills":[31,69],"derived":[32],"from":[33,82],"human-human":[34],"interaction":[35],"into":[36,121],"CA":[37,51,71],"designs.":[38],"However,":[39],"existing":[40],"research":[41,135],"mainly":[42],"adopts":[43],"an":[44],"empirical":[45],"approach":[46],"focuses":[48],"on":[49,90],"specific":[50],"deployment,":[52],"making":[53],"it":[54],"challenging":[55],"to":[56,70,139],"identify":[57],"overarching":[58],"patterns":[59],"or":[60],"develop":[61],"comprehensive":[63],"methodology":[64],"for":[65],"transferring":[66],"human":[67,126],"design.":[72],"Thus,":[73],"we":[74],"conducted":[75],"systematic":[77],"review":[78],"of":[79],"85":[80],"studies":[81],"primary":[83],"databases":[84],"(e.g.,":[85],"ACM,":[86],"IEEE,":[87],"etc.),":[88],"focusing":[89],"designing":[91],"CAs":[92,141],"with":[93],"human-derived":[94],"skills.":[96],"We":[97,117],"identified":[98],"skill":[99,127],"categories":[100],"(verbal,":[101],"paralinguistic,":[102],"nonverbal),":[103],"transfer":[104],"strategies":[105],"(from":[106],"dialog":[107],"data,":[108],"theories,":[109],"via":[111],"co-design),":[112],"implementations,":[113],"evaluation":[115],"metrics.":[116],"consolidated":[118],"these":[119],"insights":[120],"four-stage":[123],"design":[124,140],"process:":[125],"exploration,":[128],"definition,":[129],"transfer,":[130],"iterative":[132],"evaluation.":[133],"Future":[134],"can":[136],"leverage":[137],"this":[138],"that":[142],"achieve":[143],"goals":[145],"through":[146],"contextually":[147],"appropriate":[148],"use.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}
