{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154076537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791936","title":"\"It Feels Like I am Invited to Communicate\": Mediating Ad-Hoc Bystander-VR User Interruptions Through Proactive Proxies","display_name":"\"It Feels Like I am Invited to Communicate\": Mediating Ad-Hoc Bystander-VR User Interruptions Through Proactive Proxies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154076537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791936"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791936","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791936","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043342816","display_name":"Adil Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1620-5268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adil Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1620-5268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082046870","display_name":"Wen Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8230-1920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8230-1920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051779222","display_name":"Md Aashikur Rahman Azim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-8263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Aashikur Rahman Azim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-8263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056234242","display_name":"Michelle Annett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-1199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087597","display_name":"Canadian Rheumatology Association","ror":"https://ror.org/00314zp94","country_code":"CA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087597"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Annett","raw_affiliation_strings":["MishMashMakers, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-1199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MishMashMakers, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082876798","display_name":"Seongkook Heo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-4812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongkook Heo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-4812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52658435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.7044000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.7044000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.11550000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.028699999675154686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bystander-effect","display_name":"Bystander effect","score":0.7017999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-relation","display_name":"Social relation","score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-influence","display_name":"Social influence","score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-agency","display_name":"Sense of agency","score":0.30090001225471497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19106626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230749","display_name":"Bystander effect","level":2,"score":0.7017999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131158328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307337","display_name":"Social influence","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141633740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450996","display_name":"Sense of agency","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14262774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695","display_name":"Behavior change","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67469775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304922","display_name":"Social dynamics","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020759390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880694","display_name":"Behaviour change","level":3,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791936","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791936","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7253859043121338}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516988897","https://openalex.org/W1542657334","https://openalex.org/W1980465937","https://openalex.org/W1997185549","https://openalex.org/W1999056695","https://openalex.org/W2005312694","https://openalex.org/W2017697483","https://openalex.org/W2028086564","https://openalex.org/W2051769625","https://openalex.org/W2076855630","https://openalex.org/W2077007094","https://openalex.org/W2085436006","https://openalex.org/W2100096365","https://openalex.org/W2100124663","https://openalex.org/W2101161981","https://openalex.org/W2115274061","https://openalex.org/W2123076731","https://openalex.org/W2128213565","https://openalex.org/W2157801514","https://openalex.org/W2230336266","https://openalex.org/W2550401986","https://openalex.org/W2601252140","https://openalex.org/W2604404011","https://openalex.org/W2790531415","https://openalex.org/W2790782975","https://openalex.org/W2791318454","https://openalex.org/W2791904197","https://openalex.org/W2798913148","https://openalex.org/W2889144689","https://openalex.org/W2894528744","https://openalex.org/W2896313169","https://openalex.org/W2903073529","https://openalex.org/W2904586740","https://openalex.org/W2924969775","https://openalex.org/W2942097442","https://openalex.org/W2950504429","https://openalex.org/W2952606815","https://openalex.org/W2952642056","https://openalex.org/W2982032772","https://openalex.org/W2989921374","https://openalex.org/W3005821069","https://openalex.org/W3029233445","https://openalex.org/W3029810276","https://openalex.org/W3030262722","https://openalex.org/W3031048254","https://openalex.org/W3048560297","https://openalex.org/W3110904902","https://openalex.org/W3160048704","https://openalex.org/W3194043972","https://openalex.org/W3195181934","https://openalex.org/W3207594185","https://openalex.org/W3208790244","https://openalex.org/W3213054554","https://openalex.org/W4224230545","https://openalex.org/W4225106873","https://openalex.org/W4281683698","https://openalex.org/W4282569744","https://openalex.org/W4289335822","https://openalex.org/W4301357669","https://openalex.org/W4312907148","https://openalex.org/W4366550012","https://openalex.org/W4367394442","https://openalex.org/W4386708633","https://openalex.org/W4388141521","https://openalex.org/W4388982168","https://openalex.org/W4402610722"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"VR":[1,16,20,56,129,138],"expands":[2],"into":[3,119],"public":[4],"spaces,":[5,133],"new":[6],"challenges":[7],"emerge":[8],"around":[9],"spontaneous":[10],"interactions":[11],"between":[12],"bystanders":[13,75,121],"and":[14,52,112,124,144],"unfamiliar":[15,128],"users.":[17,57],"While":[18],"current":[19],"systems":[21,139],"often":[22],"prioritize":[23],"user":[24],"awareness":[25],"of":[26],"their":[27],"physical":[28,93],"surroundings,":[29],"they":[30],"overlook":[31],"the":[32,101],"social":[33,106],"dynamics":[34],"affecting":[35],"nearby":[36],"bystanders.":[37],"We":[38,58],"conducted":[39],"a":[40,69],"deception-based":[41],"study":[42],"(N=80)":[43],"examining":[44],"how":[45,120],"interface":[46],"availability":[47,123],"influences":[48],"bystanders\u2019":[49,110],"comfort,":[50],"confidence,":[51],"hesitation":[53],"when":[54],"interrupting":[55],"compared":[59],"traditional":[60],"static":[61],"interruption":[62,78],"interfaces":[63],"(e.g.,":[64],"button":[65],"on":[66],"screen)":[67],"with":[68,127],"proactive":[70,102],"proxy":[71,103],"that":[72,140],"actively":[73],"approached":[74],"upon":[76],"detecting":[77],"intent.":[79],"Static":[80],"interfaces,":[81],"due":[82],"to":[83,91],"insufficient":[84],"cueing,":[85],"frequently":[86],"caused":[87],"bystander":[88,142],"discomfort,":[89],"leading":[90],"hesitant":[92],"interruptions":[94,126],"or":[95],"complete":[96],"communication":[97],"avoidance.":[98],"In":[99],"contrast,":[100],"implicitly":[104],"conveyed":[105],"permission,":[107],"significantly":[108],"enhancing":[109],"comfort":[111,145],"confidence.":[113],"Our":[114],"findings":[115],"provide":[116],"empirical":[117],"insights":[118],"assess":[122],"initiate":[125],"users":[130],"in":[131],"shared":[132],"offering":[134],"design":[135],"implications":[136],"for":[137],"support":[141],"agency":[143],"during":[146],"these":[147],"interactions.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}