{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154051238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791690","title":"Visualizing Tree-of-Analysis: Facilitating Conversational Visual Analytics for Novices","display_name":"Visualizing Tree-of-Analysis: Facilitating Conversational Visual Analytics for Novices","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154051238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791690"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791690","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133505132","display_name":"Feiyuan Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9947-9255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feiyuan Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9947-9255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018322383","display_name":"Tan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-3087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-3087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133510024","display_name":"Zeyang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2989-0103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2989-0103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133479264","display_name":"Yan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5267-2438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5267-2438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078268992","display_name":"Hanze Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5195-7829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanze Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5195-7829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048990664","display_name":"Junming Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junming Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9766-3188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133517783","display_name":"Songela Nurdawulieti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7730-3639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songela Nurdawulieti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7730-3639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yingcai Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-3237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingcai Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-3237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133505132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80111381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analytics","display_name":"Visual analytics","score":0.7408000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.44519999623298645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7991999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59732488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528440","display_name":"Visual analytics","level":3,"score":0.7408000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6822999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99740376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092520","display_name":"Interactive visual analysis","level":4,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78821406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391810","display_name":"Think aloud protocol","level":3,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545860419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193251","display_name":"Cultural analytics","level":5,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175801342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988917","display_name":"Data analysis","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986089797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501338","display_name":"Visual attention","level":3,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185578843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10609775","display_name":"Information visualization","level":3,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111370547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451120","display_name":"Sensory cue","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.713954746723175,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7042436","https://openalex.org/W1520587064","https://openalex.org/W1937626386","https://openalex.org/W1961845056","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1985620471","https://openalex.org/W1995073788","https://openalex.org/W1995923922","https://openalex.org/W2002544066","https://openalex.org/W2007563177","https://openalex.org/W2037205988","https://openalex.org/W2082494913","https://openalex.org/W2129660502","https://openalex.org/W2130774862","https://openalex.org/W2141115795","https://openalex.org/W2145154883","https://openalex.org/W2166699593","https://openalex.org/W2274505579","https://openalex.org/W2407300725","https://openalex.org/W2507337634","https://openalex.org/W2523074512","https://openalex.org/W2534380090","https://openalex.org/W2589660030","https://openalex.org/W2590534375","https://openalex.org/W2610226709","https://openalex.org/W2735080104","https://openalex.org/W2752843814","https://openalex.org/W2753472863","https://openalex.org/W2795875919","https://openalex.org/W2886887279","https://openalex.org/W2961269636","https://openalex.org/W2963395792","https://openalex.org/W2963967828","https://openalex.org/W2965346190","https://openalex.org/W2969478830","https://openalex.org/W2970641033","https://openalex.org/W3005591795","https://openalex.org/W3093971100","https://openalex.org/W3117055973","https://openalex.org/W3164059826","https://openalex.org/W3198767185","https://openalex.org/W3202687543","https://openalex.org/W3207545688","https://openalex.org/W4221164056","https://openalex.org/W4236888462","https://openalex.org/W4248741877","https://openalex.org/W4323651262","https://openalex.org/W4377371585","https://openalex.org/W4383682897","https://openalex.org/W4385438855","https://openalex.org/W4385682544","https://openalex.org/W4386576698","https://openalex.org/W4386825362","https://openalex.org/W4387801187","https://openalex.org/W4389524090","https://openalex.org/W4392405493","https://openalex.org/W4396828482","https://openalex.org/W4396832024","https://openalex.org/W4396832811","https://openalex.org/W4399858952","https://openalex.org/W4400375663","https://openalex.org/W4403334501","https://openalex.org/W4404436489","https://openalex.org/W4404781890","https://openalex.org/W4405179243","https://openalex.org/W4406458704","https://openalex.org/W4407244872","https://openalex.org/W4408863244","https://openalex.org/W4409736298","https://openalex.org/W4409884786","https://openalex.org/W4410115678","https://openalex.org/W4410673503","https://openalex.org/W4410678263","https://openalex.org/W4411534452","https://openalex.org/W4411673851","https://openalex.org/W4412889932","https://openalex.org/W4414564819","https://openalex.org/W4416429423","https://openalex.org/W7084113779"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conversational":[0],"visual":[1,177],"analytics":[2],"(CVA)":[3],"make":[4],"data":[5],"exploration":[6],"accessible":[7],"to":[8,25,47,56,66,78,125,175],"novices":[9,44,127],"but":[10,23],"often":[11],"leave":[12],"users":[13,27],"disoriented":[14],"during":[15],"multi-turn":[16],"conversations.":[17],"Previous":[18],"approaches":[19],"provide":[20,126],"data-centric":[21],"recommendations,":[22],"fail":[24],"help":[26],"regain":[28],"orientations.":[29],"To":[30],"bridge":[31],"this":[32,104],"gap,":[33],"we":[34,85,102],"conducted":[35],"a":[36,88],"formative":[37],"study":[38],"(N":[39,141,147],"=":[40,142,148],"12)":[41,143],"revealing":[42],"that":[43,91,153],"are":[45,64],"insensitive":[46],"analytical":[48,70],"cues":[49,71],"and":[50,58,72,115,144,158],"rely":[51],"on":[52,82],"vague":[53],"queries,":[54],"leading":[55],"disorientation":[57],"task":[59,156],"failures.":[60],"In":[61],"contrast,":[62],"experts":[63],"sensitive":[65],"two":[67,112],"types":[68,75],"of":[69,76,131],"use":[73],"seven":[74,122],"queries":[77,117],"organize":[79],"workflows.":[80],"Based":[81],"these":[83],"findings,":[84],"propose":[86],"ToA,":[87],"novel":[89],"approach":[90],"structures":[92],"the":[93],"CVA":[94],"process":[95],"as":[96,109,118],"an":[97,129],"interactive":[98],"analysis":[99,133],"tree.":[100],"Moreover,":[101],"visualize":[103],"tree,":[105],"with":[106,128],"AI":[107],"outputs":[108],"nodes":[110],"(containing":[111],"cue":[113],"types)":[114],"user":[116,139],"edges":[119],"(categorized":[120],"by":[121],"query":[123],"types),":[124],"overview":[130],"their":[132],"journey.":[134],"We":[135],"evaluated":[136],"ToA":[137,154],"through":[138],"studies":[140],"expert":[145],"interviews":[146,170],"3).":[149],"The":[150],"results":[151],"suggest":[152],"eliminates":[155],"failure":[157],"increases":[159],"per-turn":[160,165],"insights":[161],"(+58.3%),":[162],"despite":[163],"longer":[164],"thinking":[166],"time":[167],"(+17.7%).":[168],"Expert":[169],"further":[171],"confirm":[172],"its":[173],"potential":[174],"democratize":[176],"analytics.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}