{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154032546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791550","title":"When Less Can Be More: Evaluating the Impact of Animated and Interactive Demonstrations in Voice-Assisted Counting Games for Young Children","display_name":"When Less Can Be More: Evaluating the Impact of Animated and Interactive Demonstrations in Voice-Assisted Counting Games for Young Children","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154032546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791550"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791550","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791550","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022004497","display_name":"Sulakna Karunaratna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8640-4387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulakna Karunaratna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8640-4387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092118703","display_name":"Daniel Vargas-D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-2328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Vargas-Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-2328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320580","display_name":"Jisun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6726-0611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jisun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute &amp; State University (Virginia Tech), BLACKSBURG, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6726-0611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute &amp; State University (Virginia Tech), BLACKSBURG, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063707838","display_name":"Jinjing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-7656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinjing (Jenny) Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-7656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444701","display_name":"Sang Won Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1026-315X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60922564","display_name":"Naver (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nzrnx83","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60922564"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Won Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA and NAVER AI Lab, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1026-315X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA and NAVER AI Lab, Seongnam, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60922564"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004533184","display_name":"Koeun Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7906-459X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koeun Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7906-459X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58333333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.8090000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.8090000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.0544000007212162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactivity","display_name":"Interactivity","score":0.8744999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodality","display_name":"Multimodality","score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.31859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144430266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839721","display_name":"Interactivity","level":2,"score":0.8744999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780910867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952416","display_name":"Multimodality","level":2,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135641252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738567","display_name":"Multimodal interaction","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151243789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148646","display_name":"Multiple baseline design","level":3,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776566319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3495514","display_name":"Interactive video","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41022531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333657","display_name":"Communication design","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203004452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186952","display_name":"Interactive media","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791550","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791550","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8568589687347412}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506828484","https://openalex.org/W1980373393","https://openalex.org/W1983706174","https://openalex.org/W2009154547","https://openalex.org/W2014883692","https://openalex.org/W2033823160","https://openalex.org/W2038927601","https://openalex.org/W2046362631","https://openalex.org/W2047608598","https://openalex.org/W2048395122","https://openalex.org/W2052518803","https://openalex.org/W2059913338","https://openalex.org/W2064332515","https://openalex.org/W2067630609","https://openalex.org/W2071443280","https://openalex.org/W2073036035","https://openalex.org/W2073312990","https://openalex.org/W2081136379","https://openalex.org/W2121822954","https://openalex.org/W2134833736","https://openalex.org/W2137006329","https://openalex.org/W2137449556","https://openalex.org/W2143576607","https://openalex.org/W2150735336","https://openalex.org/W2150794602","https://openalex.org/W2160820865","https://openalex.org/W2168106879","https://openalex.org/W2172201961","https://openalex.org/W2189465914","https://openalex.org/W2306007265","https://openalex.org/W2315602866","https://openalex.org/W2317158255","https://openalex.org/W2335885897","https://openalex.org/W2519900560","https://openalex.org/W2566588115","https://openalex.org/W2581397780","https://openalex.org/W2606639219","https://openalex.org/W2611474773","https://openalex.org/W2623107180","https://openalex.org/W2654569425","https://openalex.org/W2756219375","https://openalex.org/W2791082631","https://openalex.org/W2804835683","https://openalex.org/W2805562433","https://openalex.org/W2810138508","https://openalex.org/W2885411111","https://openalex.org/W2903682636","https://openalex.org/W2914084959","https://openalex.org/W2948116819","https://openalex.org/W2948771028","https://openalex.org/W2990819559","https://openalex.org/W3030790076","https://openalex.org/W3037596752","https://openalex.org/W3093660685","https://openalex.org/W3129905513","https://openalex.org/W3153048516","https://openalex.org/W3176396727","https://openalex.org/W3186045198","https://openalex.org/W3214237218","https://openalex.org/W4213430315","https://openalex.org/W4280531887","https://openalex.org/W4283077174","https://openalex.org/W4308367311","https://openalex.org/W4327723630","https://openalex.org/W4364379357","https://openalex.org/W4386440453","https://openalex.org/W4389435208","https://openalex.org/W4391591807"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"counting":[1,65,95,107],"forms":[2],"a":[3,45,63,69],"critical":[4],"foundation":[5],"for":[6,25,121],"numeracy,":[7],"involving":[8],"coordination":[9],"of":[10,32,41,93,146],"visual":[11],"representations,":[12],"verbal":[13,94],"number":[14,82],"words,":[15],"and":[16,52,57,67,88,128,141],"physical":[17],"actions":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"pointing.":[21],"Designing":[22],"effective":[23],"technologies":[24],"young":[26,122],"children,":[27],"therefore":[28],"requires":[29],"careful":[30],"calibration":[31],"multimodal":[33,147],"features.":[34],"This":[35],"study":[36,71],"investigated":[37],"how":[38],"different":[39],"levels":[40],"demonstrations":[42],"paired":[43],"with":[44,72],"voice":[46],"assistant\u2014static":[47],"(baseline:":[48],"image+voice),":[49],"animated":[50,78],"(animation+voice),":[51],"interactive":[53,90],"(touch+animation+voice)\u2014influence":[54],"counting-related":[55],"understanding":[56,84],"engagement":[58,96],"in":[59],"2\u20134-year-olds.":[60],"We":[61,124],"developed":[62],"tablet-based":[64],"game":[66],"conducted":[68],"within-subjects":[70],"32":[73],"children.":[74],"Results":[75],"showed":[76,97],"that":[77,98,112],"demonstration":[79],"improved":[80],"cardinal":[81],"word":[83],"over":[85],"both":[86],"baseline":[87],"the":[89,144],"demonstration.":[91],"Analyses":[92],"concurrent":[99],"touch":[100,136],"demands":[101],"increased":[102],"cognitive":[103],"load,":[104],"limiting":[105],"children\u2019s":[106],"aloud.":[108],"These":[109],"findings":[110],"suggest":[111],"more":[113],"interactivity":[114,137],"does":[115],"not":[116],"always":[117],"yield":[118],"better":[119],"outcomes":[120],"learners.":[123],"contribute":[125],"empirical":[126],"evidence":[127],"design":[129,145],"guidance:":[130],"voice+animation":[131],"supports":[132],"early":[133],"counting,":[134],"while":[135],"should":[138],"be":[139],"lightweight":[140],"age-appropriate,":[142],"informing":[143],"voice-assisted":[148],"applications.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}
