{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7153980046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791030","title":"The Nuances of Creepiness: A Systematic Literature Review of Creepy Technology","display_name":"The Nuances of Creepiness: A Systematic Literature Review of Creepy Technology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7153980046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791030"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791030","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107631065","display_name":"Tora Jarsve","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tora Jarsve","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8602-5180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013197661","display_name":"Barbara Sienkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1977-5806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Sienkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Computer Science, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a University of Technology, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland and Cognitive Science Department, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1977-5806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Computer Science, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a University of Technology, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland and Cognitive Science Department, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093679895","display_name":"Meagan B. Loerakker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3905-4271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meagan B. Loerakker","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3905-4271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068706567","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 W. Wo\u017aniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3670-1813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 W. Wo\u017aniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3670-1813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019863592","display_name":"Jasmin Niess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-0653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasmin Niess","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-0653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94142259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.44690001010894775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.44690001010894775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.09730000048875809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.08399999886751175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.7975999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.6241999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unintended-consequences","display_name":"Unintended consequences","score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.3208000063896179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.7975999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.6241999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135789","display_name":"Unintended consequences","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780339515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074698","display_name":"Arrow","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3791030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1270658374","https://openalex.org/W1984519402","https://openalex.org/W2011673487","https://openalex.org/W2084235337","https://openalex.org/W2139630251","https://openalex.org/W2163346850","https://openalex.org/W2166261011","https://openalex.org/W2330152664","https://openalex.org/W2402661097","https://openalex.org/W2792467893","https://openalex.org/W2908520132","https://openalex.org/W2911218248","https://openalex.org/W2913999503","https://openalex.org/W2921694757","https://openalex.org/W2925746042","https://openalex.org/W2940771230","https://openalex.org/W2942109448","https://openalex.org/W2942216755","https://openalex.org/W2943399188","https://openalex.org/W2954507271","https://openalex.org/W2964449242","https://openalex.org/W2969624079","https://openalex.org/W2972653683","https://openalex.org/W2973288614","https://openalex.org/W2974679499","https://openalex.org/W2974746094","https://openalex.org/W2979088337","https://openalex.org/W2998062991","https://openalex.org/W2999296938","https://openalex.org/W2999806517","https://openalex.org/W3005347113","https://openalex.org/W3009264379","https://openalex.org/W3010066263","https://openalex.org/W3010164621","https://openalex.org/W3028765225","https://openalex.org/W3029832204","https://openalex.org/W3030535408","https://openalex.org/W3031371264","https://openalex.org/W3031647340","https://openalex.org/W3031955824","https://openalex.org/W3082359581","https://openalex.org/W3093697423","https://openalex.org/W3096005786","https://openalex.org/W3119840119","https://openalex.org/W3129272660","https://openalex.org/W3131622053","https://openalex.org/W3133561363","https://openalex.org/W3134751414","https://openalex.org/W3147152149","https://openalex.org/W3161325750","https://openalex.org/W3161406929","https://openalex.org/W3161780438","https://openalex.org/W3162004644","https://openalex.org/W3165204372","https://openalex.org/W3173863170","https://openalex.org/W3177353899","https://openalex.org/W3182987549","https://openalex.org/W3195451846","https://openalex.org/W3197986413","https://openalex.org/W3205443800","https://openalex.org/W3211513991","https://openalex.org/W4200245523","https://openalex.org/W4211033381","https://openalex.org/W4211141234","https://openalex.org/W4212943951","https://openalex.org/W4220908484","https://openalex.org/W4221029209","https://openalex.org/W4225009224","https://openalex.org/W4281631169","https://openalex.org/W4281662534","https://openalex.org/W4283169065","https://openalex.org/W4283170650","https://openalex.org/W4285009134","https://openalex.org/W4294215472","https://openalex.org/W4309258301","https://openalex.org/W4309505376","https://openalex.org/W4310865121","https://openalex.org/W4313558622","https://openalex.org/W4366529056","https://openalex.org/W4366547435","https://openalex.org/W4366548134","https://openalex.org/W4366548978","https://openalex.org/W4366549409","https://openalex.org/W4366587379","https://openalex.org/W4366587901","https://openalex.org/W4366587971","https://openalex.org/W4366596349","https://openalex.org/W4377115533","https://openalex.org/W4381104219","https://openalex.org/W4381799832","https://openalex.org/W4381952119","https://openalex.org/W4382197778","https://openalex.org/W4385160209","https://openalex.org/W4385484115","https://openalex.org/W4386283031","https://openalex.org/W4387087040","https://openalex.org/W4387319142","https://openalex.org/W4387860316","https://openalex.org/W4388177275","https://openalex.org/W4388948658","https://openalex.org/W4389256656","https://openalex.org/W4390094954","https://openalex.org/W4392405673","https://openalex.org/W4392646033","https://openalex.org/W4393159756","https://openalex.org/W4396218426","https://openalex.org/W4396832782","https://openalex.org/W4396833478","https://openalex.org/W4396852934","https://openalex.org/W4400067059","https://openalex.org/W4400142451","https://openalex.org/W4401502994","https://openalex.org/W4401732891","https://openalex.org/W4401732963","https://openalex.org/W4402389422","https://openalex.org/W4402401827","https://openalex.org/W4402490747","https://openalex.org/W4402575771","https://openalex.org/W4402709809","https://openalex.org/W4402967787","https://openalex.org/W4403004074","https://openalex.org/W4403576083","https://openalex.org/W4404553988","https://openalex.org/W4404918222","https://openalex.org/W4405833246","https://openalex.org/W4406063464","https://openalex.org/W4406254428","https://openalex.org/W4407418667","https://openalex.org/W4408281120","https://openalex.org/W4409720021","https://openalex.org/W4409721389","https://openalex.org/W4409735903","https://openalex.org/W4410297278","https://openalex.org/W4410298016","https://openalex.org/W4410486511"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"ambiguity":[1,52],"surrounding":[2],"\u2018creepy":[3],"technology\u2019":[4],"in":[5,65],"HCI":[6],"poses":[7],"significant":[8],"challenges,":[9],"as":[10,57],"its":[11],"interpretation":[12],"varies":[13],"considerably":[14],"based":[15],"on":[16,91],"research":[17],"focus.":[18],"While":[19],"it":[20,36,58],"is":[21,37,53],"commonly":[22],"linked":[23],"to":[24,82,141],"the":[25,96,104,114,130],"appearance":[26],"of":[27,45,75,88,106,116,132,145],"robots":[28],"and":[29,34,43,48,63,85,108,138],"concerns":[30],"about":[31],"data":[32],"privacy":[33],"security,":[35],"increasingly":[38],"associated":[39],"with":[40],"functionality,":[41],"unpredictability,":[42],"appropriateness":[44],"system":[46],"behaviour":[47],"interaction.":[49],"Clarifying":[50],"this":[51,92],"vital":[54],"for":[55],"designers,":[56],"directly":[59],"affects":[60],"user":[61],"experience":[62],"trust":[64],"technology.":[66,118],"To":[67],"address":[68],"this,":[69],"we":[70,94,120],"undertook":[71],"a":[72],"systematic":[73],"review":[74],"115":[76],"papers,":[77],"identifying":[78],"key":[79],"themes":[80],"related":[81],"design":[83],"choices":[84],"contextual":[86],"elements":[87],"creepiness.":[89,146],"Based":[90],"review,":[93],"developed":[95],"Creepiness":[97,107],"Framework,":[98],"which":[99],"comprises":[100],"two":[101],"main":[102],"components:":[103],"Structure":[105],"Felt":[109],"Creepiness.":[110],"framework":[112],"clarifies":[113],"dynamics":[115],"creepy":[117],"Additionally,":[119],"derive":[121],"design-relevant":[122],"insights":[123],"into":[124],"creepiness":[125],"features":[126],"that":[127,134],"can":[128],"guide":[129],"development":[131],"technologies":[133],"are":[135],"more":[136],"predictable":[137],"less":[139],"likely":[140],"evoke":[142],"unintended":[143],"feelings":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}