{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414739893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790622","title":"Campus AI vs. Commercial AI: Comparing How Students and Employees Perceive their University\u2019s LLM Chatbot vs. ChatGPT","display_name":"Campus AI vs. Commercial AI: Comparing How Students and Employees Perceive their University\u2019s LLM Chatbot vs. ChatGPT","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414739893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3790622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790622","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119809249","display_name":"Leon Hannig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leon Hannig","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9212-9037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038085207","display_name":"Annika Bush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-4260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annika Bush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security, University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Informatics, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-4260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security, University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Informatics, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015653251","display_name":"Meltem Aksoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3232-3923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127406","display_name":"Alliance Data (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02gzaeb51","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127406"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meltem Aksoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security of the University Alliance Ruhr, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3232-3923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security of the University Alliance Ruhr, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119809250","display_name":"Tim Trappen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Trappen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4502-1777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008222051","display_name":"Steffen Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-5597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096592","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy","ror":"https://ror.org/00bj0r217","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-5597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096592","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022773126","display_name":"Greta Ontrup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-1494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greta Ontrup","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-1494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119809249"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00209623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9578999876976013,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4027999937534332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098321","display_name":"Intrusiveness","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3790622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.15826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15826","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.15826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.15826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.15826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.15826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3790622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,143],"use":[2,94],"of":[3,147],"Large":[4],"Language":[5],"Model":[6],"(LLM)":[7],"chatbots":[8,41],"by":[9,51],"students":[10,82],"and":[11,83,93,116,139,145],"researchers":[12],"becomes":[13],"more":[14],"prevalent,":[15],"universities":[16,27],"are":[17,47],"pressed":[18],"to":[19,30,71,101,127],"develop":[20],"AI":[21],"strategies.":[22],"One":[23],"strategy":[24],"that":[25],"many":[26],"pursue":[28],"is":[29],"customize":[31],"pre-trained":[32],"LLM-as-a-service":[33],"(LLMaaS)":[34],"chatbots.":[35,74,149],"While":[36],"most":[37],"studies":[38,62],"on":[39,134],"LLMaaS":[40,98,124,148],"prioritize":[42],"technical":[43],"adaptations,":[44],"these":[45],"systems":[46,69,106],"often":[48],"mainly":[49],"characterized":[50],"user-salient":[52],"front-end":[53],"customizations,":[54],"e.":[55],"g.,":[56],"interface":[57],"changes.":[58],"Yet,":[59],"no":[60],"existing":[61],"have":[63],"examined":[64],"how":[65,81],"users":[66],"perceive":[67,92],"such":[68],"compared":[70,100,126],"commercial":[72],"LLM":[73],"In":[75],"a":[76,89],"field":[77],"study,":[78],"we":[79],"investigate":[80],"employees":[84],"(N":[85],"=":[86,108],"526)":[87],"at":[88],"German":[90],"university":[91],"their":[95,121],"institution\u2019s":[96],"customized":[97,123],"chatbot":[99,125],"ChatGPT.":[102,128],"Participants":[103],"using":[104],"both":[105],"(n":[107],"116)":[109],"reported":[110],"greater":[111],"trust,":[112],"higher":[113],"perceived":[114,118],"privacy,":[115],"less":[117],"hallucinations":[119],"with":[120],"university\u2019s":[122],"We":[129],"discuss":[130],"implications":[131],"for":[132,142],"research":[133],"users\u2019":[135],"trustworthiness":[136],"assessment":[137],"process,":[138],"offer":[140],"guidance":[141],"design":[144],"deployment":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}