{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154139394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790577","title":"ProjecTA: A Semi-Humanoid Robotic Teaching Assistant with In-Situ Projection for Guided Tours","display_name":"ProjecTA: A Semi-Humanoid Robotic Teaching Assistant with In-Situ Projection for Guided Tours","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154139394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790577"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3790577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790577","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790577","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091316221","display_name":"Hanqing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2077-6030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2077-6030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yichuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1231-7686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1231-7686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zihan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1452-4388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1452-4388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133489329","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-1365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-1365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045321143","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-2524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112253","display_name":"Honda (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/022c1xk47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honda Research Institute Europe, Offenbach/Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-2524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Research Institute Europe, Offenbach/Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121472199","display_name":"Pengcheng An","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7705-2031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58834043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.3375000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.3375000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.2669999897480011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.05400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.7240999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6517999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlay","display_name":"Overlay","score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.3573000133037567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7240999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6991999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6662999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6517999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46650001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170494330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434","display_name":"Cognitive map","level":3,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988191880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40687","display_name":"Robotic hand","level":3,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3790577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790577","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3790577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790577","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8010520935058594,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1270658374","https://openalex.org/W1499793228","https://openalex.org/W1542318638","https://openalex.org/W1741471588","https://openalex.org/W1935261516","https://openalex.org/W1967699108","https://openalex.org/W1969962548","https://openalex.org/W1987648924","https://openalex.org/W1989713181","https://openalex.org/W1993729533","https://openalex.org/W2004599511","https://openalex.org/W2009078006","https://openalex.org/W2023853325","https://openalex.org/W2027151191","https://openalex.org/W2036765125","https://openalex.org/W2039207728","https://openalex.org/W2045525571","https://openalex.org/W2051846790","https://openalex.org/W2066622421","https://openalex.org/W2078837275","https://openalex.org/W2087168813","https://openalex.org/W2101022862","https://openalex.org/W2119468946","https://openalex.org/W2120040514","https://openalex.org/W2125147351","https://openalex.org/W2131740967","https://openalex.org/W2134774969","https://openalex.org/W2137879421","https://openalex.org/W2140438025","https://openalex.org/W2141019025","https://openalex.org/W2141771502","https://openalex.org/W2145578330","https://openalex.org/W2166946056","https://openalex.org/W2167117443","https://openalex.org/W2169033759","https://openalex.org/W2204651527","https://openalex.org/W2209461992","https://openalex.org/W2213945481","https://openalex.org/W2288655165","https://openalex.org/W2296755521","https://openalex.org/W2507444990","https://openalex.org/W2559483644","https://openalex.org/W2589084899","https://openalex.org/W2593446260","https://openalex.org/W2616867613","https://openalex.org/W2753303370","https://openalex.org/W2782898451","https://openalex.org/W2802205646","https://openalex.org/W2803272036","https://openalex.org/W2808967136","https://openalex.org/W2809044834","https://openalex.org/W2871950322","https://openalex.org/W2887260263","https://openalex.org/W2896218169","https://openalex.org/W2897697648","https://openalex.org/W2904737914","https://openalex.org/W2910655551","https://openalex.org/W2930381960","https://openalex.org/W2933141058","https://openalex.org/W2941819569","https://openalex.org/W2949103453","https://openalex.org/W2971672377","https://openalex.org/W2972691300","https://openalex.org/W2973091252","https://openalex.org/W2991025675","https://openalex.org/W2999030356","https://openalex.org/W2999166181","https://openalex.org/W3003633449","https://openalex.org/W3005862303","https://openalex.org/W3030845489","https://openalex.org/W3093767177","https://openalex.org/W3094329258","https://openalex.org/W3113053581","https://openalex.org/W3135993813","https://openalex.org/W3154781225","https://openalex.org/W4220789720","https://openalex.org/W4221045795","https://openalex.org/W4225115597","https://openalex.org/W4231737588","https://openalex.org/W4239085603","https://openalex.org/W4243420394","https://openalex.org/W4245711622","https://openalex.org/W4251979020","https://openalex.org/W4280604831","https://openalex.org/W4297711483","https://openalex.org/W4299623448","https://openalex.org/W4300325272","https://openalex.org/W4312282488","https://openalex.org/W4322503739","https://openalex.org/W4385619273","https://openalex.org/W4390870793","https://openalex.org/W4391417118","https://openalex.org/W4392634019","https://openalex.org/W4395670847","https://openalex.org/W4399251647","https://openalex.org/W4399667642","https://openalex.org/W4399801612","https://openalex.org/W4403750684","https://openalex.org/W4405003006","https://openalex.org/W4405660422","https://openalex.org/W4406773667","https://openalex.org/W4407683998","https://openalex.org/W4407719434","https://openalex.org/W4409722100","https://openalex.org/W4409884588","https://openalex.org/W4410297014","https://openalex.org/W4410297251","https://openalex.org/W4413636341","https://openalex.org/W4415190888","https://openalex.org/W6966998064","https://openalex.org/W7147582675"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robotic":[0],"teaching":[1],"assistants":[2],"(TAs)":[3],"often":[4],"use":[5],"body-mounted":[6],"screens":[7,21],"to":[8,142],"deliver":[9],"content.":[10],"In":[11,77],"nomadic,":[12],"walk-and-talk":[13],"learning,":[14],"such":[15,40,56],"as":[16,41],"tours":[17],"in":[18,82,96,118,124,146],"makerspaces,":[19],"these":[20],"can":[22],"distract":[23],"learners":[24,67],"from":[25],"real-world":[26],"objects,":[27],"increasing":[28],"extraneous":[29,89],"cognitive":[30],"load.":[31],"HCI":[32],"research":[33],"lacks":[34],"empirical":[35],"comparisons":[36],"of":[37,100],"potential":[38],"alternatives,":[39],"robots":[42],"with":[43,73],"in-situ":[44],"projection":[45,141],"versus":[46],"screen-based":[47,94],"counterparts;":[48],"little":[49],"knowledge":[50],"has":[51],"been":[52],"derived":[53],"for":[54,135],"designing":[55],"alternatives.":[57],"We":[58,130],"introduce":[59],"ProjecTA,":[60],"a":[61,78,83,126],"semi-humanoid,":[62],"gesture-capable":[63],"TA":[64],"that":[65],"guides":[66],"while":[68],"projecting":[69],"near-object":[70],"overlays":[71],"coordinated":[72,111],"speech":[74,115],"and":[75,91,103,114,120],"gestures.":[76],"mixed-method":[79],"study":[80],"(N=24)":[81],"university":[84],"makerspace,":[85],"ProjecTA":[86],"significantly":[87],"reduced":[88],"load":[90],"outperformed":[92],"its":[93],"counterpart":[95],"perceived":[97],"usability,":[98],"usefulness":[99],"visual":[101],"display,":[102],"cross-modal":[104],"complementarity.":[105],"Qualitative":[106],"analyses":[107],"revealed":[108],"how":[109],"ProjecTA\u2019s":[110],"projections,":[112],"gestures":[113],"anchored":[116],"explanations":[117],"place":[119],"time,":[121],"enhancing":[122],"understanding":[123],"ways":[125],"screen":[127],"could":[128],"not.":[129],"derive":[131],"key":[132],"design":[133],"implications":[134],"future":[136],"robotic":[137],"TAs":[138],"leveraging":[139],"spatial":[140],"support":[143],"mobile":[144],"learning":[145],"physical":[147],"environments.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}
