{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128370286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790431","title":"Rethinking External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles: Is the Field Converging, Diverging, or Stalling?","display_name":"Rethinking External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles: Is the Field Converging, Diverging, or Stalling?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128370286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790431"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3790431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790431","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044409375","display_name":"Tram Thi Minh Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tram Thi Minh Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101538990","display_name":"Debargha Dey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-0126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debargha Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-0126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023076293","display_name":"Martin Tomitsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-2975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Tomitsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transdisciplinary School, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-2975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transdisciplinary School, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13000363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6938999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5946999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.4805999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4611000120639801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6938999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5946999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4805999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43540301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689971","display_name":"Paradigm shift","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3790431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2602.06278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06278","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.06278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.06278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772318.3790431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5445805788040161}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3364134221","display_name":"Shared-space interactions between people and autonomous vehicles","funder_award_id":"DP220102019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"autonomous":[1],"vehicles":[2],"enter":[3],"public":[4],"spaces,":[5],"external":[6,15],"human\u2013machine":[7],"interfaces":[8],"are":[9],"proposed":[10],"to":[11,60,121],"support":[12],"communication":[13],"with":[14],"road":[16],"users.":[17],"A":[18],"decade":[19],"of":[20,25,50,115,138],"research":[21,62,100],"has":[22],"produced":[23],"hundreds":[24],"studies":[26],"and":[27,57,64,90,101,106,140],"reviews,":[28],"yet":[29],"it":[30],"remains":[31],"unclear":[32],"whether":[33],"the":[34],"field":[35],"is":[36,107],"converging":[37],"on":[38,75],"shared":[39],"principles":[40],"or":[41],"diverging":[42],"across":[43,146],"approaches.":[44],"We":[45],"present":[46],"a":[47,76,93,112,122],"multi-dimensional":[48],"analysis":[49,68],"620":[51],"publications,":[52],"complemented":[53],"by":[54,109],"industry":[55],"deployments":[56],"regulatory":[58],"documents,":[59],"track":[61],"evolution":[63],"identify":[65],"convergence.":[66],"The":[67],"reveals":[69],"several":[70],"field-level":[71],"patterns.":[72],"First,":[73],"convergence":[74],"safety-first":[77],"core:":[78],"simple":[79],"visual":[80],"cues":[81],"that":[82,143],"clarify":[83],"intent.":[84],"Second,":[85],"sustained":[86],"divergence":[87],"in":[88,99,104,124],"necessity":[89],"implementation.":[91],"Third,":[92],"progressive":[94],"filtering":[95],"funnel:":[96],"broad":[97],"exploration":[98],"concepts":[102],"narrows":[103],"deployment":[105],"codified":[108],"regulation":[110],"into":[111],"minimal":[113],"set":[114],"permitted":[116],"signals.":[117],"These":[118],"insights":[119],"point":[120],"shift":[123],"emphasis":[125],"for":[126],"future":[127],"work,":[128],"from":[129],"producing":[130],"new":[131],"prototypes":[132],"toward":[133],"consolidating":[134],"evidence,":[135],"clarifying":[136],"points":[137],"contention,":[139],"developing":[141],"frameworks":[142],"can":[144],"adapt":[145],"contexts.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}
