{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117559808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772290.3772307","title":"AASC: Activity-Adjusted Stake Consensus for Scalable IoT Blockchains","display_name":"AASC: Activity-Adjusted Stake Consensus for Scalable IoT Blockchains","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117559808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772290.3772307"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772290.3772307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772290.3772307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772290.3772307","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Susmita Mondal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5628-6988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154549908","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03yacj906","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susmita Mondal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Ubisys Research Group, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JODHPUR, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5628-6988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Ubisys Research Group, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JODHPUR, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121541315","display_name":"Adarsh Raj Shrivastava","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154549908","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03yacj906","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adarsh Raj Shrivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Ubisys Research Group, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JODHPUR, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3608-1575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Ubisys Research Group, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JODHPUR, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121563421","display_name":"Jatin Lohar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154549908","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03yacj906","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jatin Lohar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Ubisys Research Group, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JODHPUR, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1445-7788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Ubisys Research Group, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JODHPUR, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043162404","display_name":"Suchetana Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9856-0687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154549908","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03yacj906","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suchetana Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Ubisys Research Group, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JODHPUR, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9856-0687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Ubisys Research Group, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JODHPUR, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154549908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"51","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.6208999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.6208999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.1882999986410141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.032600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5310999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/validator","display_name":"Validator","score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus","display_name":"Consensus","score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3467000126838684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7817000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5310999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35292069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1575458","display_name":"Validator","level":2,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983222225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772290.3772307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772290.3772307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3772290.3772307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3772290.3772307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6017363667488098,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532967691","https://openalex.org/W2771747728","https://openalex.org/W2954103930","https://openalex.org/W2962894484","https://openalex.org/W2993060003","https://openalex.org/W3092157011","https://openalex.org/W3110821117","https://openalex.org/W3156226702","https://openalex.org/W3173389971","https://openalex.org/W3193492336","https://openalex.org/W4200068688","https://openalex.org/W4226538140","https://openalex.org/W4285392619","https://openalex.org/W4313200950","https://openalex.org/W4315647104","https://openalex.org/W4317796730","https://openalex.org/W4321606804","https://openalex.org/W4384026687","https://openalex.org/W4386412291","https://openalex.org/W4389575844","https://openalex.org/W4391090441","https://openalex.org/W4400109798","https://openalex.org/W4410193900","https://openalex.org/W4416199374"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advances":[0],"in":[1,52,117,169,213],"decentralized":[2],"decision-making":[3],"have":[4],"accelerated":[5],"the":[6,9,48,72,199,207,218],"adoption":[7],"of":[8,11,50,171,211],"Internet":[10],"Things":[12],"(IoT),":[13],"with":[14,63,137],"Blockchain":[15,38,212],"emerging":[16],"as":[17],"a":[18,78,94,118,125],"key":[19],"distributed":[20],"computing":[21],"paradigm.":[22],"It":[23],"enables":[24],"transparent":[25],"multimodal":[26],"data":[27],"management":[28],"without":[29],"centralized":[30],"infrastructure,":[31],"ensuring":[32],"traceability,":[33],"trust,":[34],"integrity,":[35],"and":[36,81,107,120,142,158,174,182,186,195,209],"authentication.":[37],"relies":[39],"on":[40],"consensus":[41,84,115,167],"mechanisms":[42],"validated":[43],"by":[44,189],"network":[45],"participants,":[46],"emphasizing":[47],"importance":[49],"fairness":[51],"these":[53],"mechanisms,":[54],"which":[55,103],"is":[56,124],"particularly":[57],"critical":[58],"for":[59,88,99,153,220],"resource-constrained":[60,154],"IoT":[61,101,215],"systems":[62],"dynamically":[64],"changing":[65],"devices.":[66],"To":[67],"address":[68],"this,":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"Activity-Adjusted":[73],"Stake":[74],"Consensus":[75],"(AASC)":[76],"mechanism,":[77],"lightweight,":[79],"iterative,":[80],"machine":[82],"learning-augmented":[83],"protocol,":[85],"specifically":[86],"designed":[87],"Blockchain-enabled":[89],"IoT.":[90],"AASC":[91,123,163,204],"continuously":[92],"updates":[93],"reputation":[95],"score":[96],"(Consensus":[97],"Score)":[98],"each":[100],"node,":[102,149],"reflects":[104],"both":[105],"historical":[106],"real-time":[108],"node":[109,180],"behaviors":[110],"(activity),":[111],"thereby":[112],"enabling":[113],"adaptive":[114],"even":[116],"heterogeneous":[119],"ever-changing":[121],"landscape.":[122],"novel":[126],"approach":[127],"that":[128,162],"transcends":[129],"conventional":[130],"rule-based":[131],"consensus,":[132],"achieves":[133],"remarkably":[134],"low":[135],"overhead":[136],"linear":[138],"O(n)":[139],"communication":[140],"complexity":[141,147],"accessible":[143],"O(nlog":[144],"n)":[145],"computational":[146],"per":[148],"making":[150],"it":[151],"efficient":[152],"environments.":[155],"Extensive":[156],"experiments":[157],"comparative":[159],"analysis":[160],"demonstrate":[161],"outperforms":[164],"leading":[165],"lightweight":[166],"protocols":[168],"terms":[170],"fairness,":[172],"security,":[173],"scalability.":[175],"The":[176],"architecture":[177],"effectively":[178],"manages":[179],"churn":[181],"mitigates":[183],"Sybil,":[184],"collusion,":[185],"monopolization":[187],"attacks":[188],"directly":[190],"integrating":[191],"randomized":[192],"validator":[193],"selection":[194],"swift":[196],"penalization":[197],"into":[198],"activity-based":[200],"trust":[201],"system.":[202],"Thus,":[203],"substantially":[205],"improves":[206],"reliability":[208],"practicality":[210],"dynamic":[214],"networks,":[216],"paving":[217],"way":[219],"widespread":[221],"adoption.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-12-30T00:00:00"}
