{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416815818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3771882.3771900","title":"\"What you think is private is no longer\" - Investigating the Aftermath of Shoulder Surfing on Smartphones in Everyday Life through the Eyes of the Victims","display_name":"\"What you think is private is no longer\" - Investigating the Aftermath of Shoulder Surfing on Smartphones in Everyday Life through the Eyes of the Victims","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416815818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3771882.3771900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3771882.3771900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3771882.3771900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3771882.3771900","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060533430","display_name":"Habiba Farzand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-3500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Habiba Farzand","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047230152","display_name":"Shaun Macdonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-318X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaun Macdonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087905953","display_name":"Karola Marky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-9642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karola Marky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001935352","display_name":"Mohamed Khamis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-5200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Khamis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060533430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49568531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"209","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.4074999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.4074999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.06830000132322311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/everyday-life","display_name":"Everyday life","score":0.6270999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5676000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gateway","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.33329999446868896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.6270999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5676000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777710495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527195","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","level":2,"score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992203245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56886387","display_name":"Private life","level":3,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522325796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471880","display_name":"Identity theft","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3771882.3771900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3771882.3771900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:371086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/61945.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3771882.3771900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3771882.3771900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G18682879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8549518205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Z000068/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1984367702","https://openalex.org/W1995370140","https://openalex.org/W2002152254","https://openalex.org/W2011150020","https://openalex.org/W2024619322","https://openalex.org/W2027859936","https://openalex.org/W2040643942","https://openalex.org/W2092900838","https://openalex.org/W2118115984","https://openalex.org/W2122988682","https://openalex.org/W2158705880","https://openalex.org/W2159837114","https://openalex.org/W2264168823","https://openalex.org/W2407300725","https://openalex.org/W2602895897","https://openalex.org/W2603199035","https://openalex.org/W2610295646","https://openalex.org/W2611149039","https://openalex.org/W2795614125","https://openalex.org/W2886739557","https://openalex.org/W2896384517","https://openalex.org/W2904091553","https://openalex.org/W2940919681","https://openalex.org/W2969803706","https://openalex.org/W3005837602","https://openalex.org/W3012028083","https://openalex.org/W3017863658","https://openalex.org/W3032043542","https://openalex.org/W3124265918","https://openalex.org/W3161819907","https://openalex.org/W3183409302","https://openalex.org/W3200776661","https://openalex.org/W4224226612","https://openalex.org/W4224242333","https://openalex.org/W4225095645","https://openalex.org/W4281661267","https://openalex.org/W4288057810","https://openalex.org/W4297156542","https://openalex.org/W4297659144","https://openalex.org/W4366550037","https://openalex.org/W4366550100","https://openalex.org/W4396218106","https://openalex.org/W4396832768","https://openalex.org/W4396833014","https://openalex.org/W4396833582","https://openalex.org/W4399573947"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"how":[3,21],"experiencing":[4],"shoulder":[5,22,50,81,108,134],"surfing":[6,23,51,82,135],"impacts":[7],"smartphone":[8],"users:":[9],"Through":[10],"an":[11,61],"in-depth":[12],"survey":[13],"in":[14],"the":[15,26,41],"UK":[16],"(N=91),":[17],"we":[18,111,127],"specifically":[19],"investigate":[20],"affects":[24],"(a)":[25],"privacy":[27,77],"perceptions":[28],"of":[29,43,115],"victim":[30],"users":[31,68],"and":[32,56,74,78,101],"(b)":[33],"their":[34,72,99],"interactions":[35],"with":[36],"smartphones.":[37],"We":[38],"found":[39],"that":[40],"impact":[42],"being":[44],"shoulder-surfed":[45],"is":[46,52],"highly":[47],"individual.":[48],"First,":[49],"perceived":[53],"as":[54],"unavoidable":[55],"frequently":[57],"occurring,":[58],"leading":[59],"to":[60,64,85,97,106,119],"increased":[62],"time":[63],"complete":[65],"tasks.":[66],"Second,":[67],"are":[69,95],"concerned":[70],"about":[71],"own":[73],"other":[75],"people\u2019s":[76],"even":[79],"consider":[80],"a":[83,113],"gateway":[84],"more":[86],"serious":[87],"threats":[88],"(e.g.,":[89],"identity":[90],"or":[91],"device":[92],"theft).":[93],"Users":[94],"willing":[96],"alter":[98],"behaviour":[100],"use":[102],"software-based":[103,120],"protective":[104,121],"measures":[105],"prevent":[107],"surfing.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"captured":[112],"set":[114],"user-defined":[116],"criteria":[117],"essential":[118],"measures.":[122],"Based":[123],"on":[124],"our":[125],"results,":[126],"discuss":[128],"future":[129],"work":[130],"directions":[131],"for":[132],"user-centred":[133],"mitigation.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-29T00:00:00"}
