{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128765842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770762.3772595","title":"Transforming Confusion into Diffusion: Advancing Machine Learning Education via Bottom-Up Instruction","display_name":"Transforming Confusion into Diffusion: Advancing Machine Learning Education via Bottom-Up Instruction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128765842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770762.3772595"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3770762.3772595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770762.3772595","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770762.3772595","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029976737","display_name":"Carlos Cotrini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Cotrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8167-2284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075255425","display_name":"Sverrir Thorgeirsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4455-7551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sverrir Thorgeirsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4455-7551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125937063","display_name":"Jesus Solano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Solano","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2742-0641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125967391","display_name":"Zhendong Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-4987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18865878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"232","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14308","display_name":"Psychological and Educational Research Studies","score":0.3799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14308","display_name":"Psychological and Educational Research Studies","score":0.3799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.07609999924898148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.06669999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curiosity","display_name":"Curiosity","score":0.5623000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-learning","display_name":"Concept learning","score":0.3352999985218048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33435437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366791","display_name":"Curiosity","level":2,"score":0.5623000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48164120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4491893","display_name":"Concept learning","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909807104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Computer-Assisted Instruction","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159456220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667334","display_name":"Instructional design","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3770762.3772595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770762.3772595","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3770762.3772595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770762.3772595","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8622313141822815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584448970","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1979183780","https://openalex.org/W1986642264","https://openalex.org/W2048910942","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2552743304","https://openalex.org/W2912081150","https://openalex.org/W2913144876","https://openalex.org/W3029022390","https://openalex.org/W3036182870","https://openalex.org/W4225149680","https://openalex.org/W4283817461","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4395661183","https://openalex.org/W4407681720","https://openalex.org/W6930844117"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Balancing":[0],"conceptual":[1,85],"depth":[2],"with":[3,139],"practical":[4],"skill":[5],"development":[6],"is":[7],"a":[8,32,64,77,88,93,118],"persistent":[9],"challenge":[10],"in":[11,70,117],"advanced":[12,164],"machine":[13,40],"learning":[14,41,155],"(ML)":[15],"education,":[16],"where":[17],"powerful":[18],"frameworks":[19],"can":[20,152],"obscure":[21],"underlying":[22],"mathematical":[23],"and":[24,51,91,99,122,131,162],"computational":[25],"principles.":[26],"To":[27,56],"address":[28],"this,":[29],"we":[30,37,62],"define":[31],"new":[33],"principled":[34],"approach":[35,148],"that":[36,104,145],"call":[38],"full-stack":[39,147],"(FSML),":[42],"which":[43,71],"emphasizes":[44],"the":[45,58],"construction":[46],"of":[47,60],"large":[48],"language":[49],"models":[50,53],"diffusion":[52,124],"from":[54],"scratch.":[55],"evaluate":[57],"effectiveness":[59],"FSML,":[61],"conducted":[63],"classroom-based":[65],"randomized":[66],"controlled":[67],"trial":[68],"(N=208)":[69],"FSML-based":[72],"instruction":[73,109],"was":[74],"compared":[75],"against":[76],"popular":[78],"library-based":[79],"instructional":[80],"approach.":[81],"We":[82,102],"measured":[83],"students'":[84],"understanding":[86],"through":[87],"specialized":[89],"assessment":[90],"administered":[92],"survey":[94],"capturing":[95],"knowledge-gap":[96],"awareness,":[97],"curiosity,":[98],"cognitive":[100],"load.":[101],"found":[103],"students":[105],"who":[106],"received":[107],"FSML":[108],"performed":[110],"approximately":[111],"10%":[112],"better":[113],"than":[114],"control":[115],"participants":[116],"quiz":[119],"on":[120],"transformers":[121],"stable":[123],"(p=0.006).":[125],"They":[126],"also":[127],"showed":[128],"increased":[129],"curiosity":[130],"more":[132],"positive":[133],"affective":[134],"responses,":[135],"suggesting":[136],"deeper":[137],"engagement":[138],"ML":[140,150,161],"fundamentals.":[141],"Our":[142],"findings":[143],"indicate":[144],"our":[146],"to":[149],"education":[151],"improve":[153],"student":[154],"outcomes,":[156],"potentially":[157],"reshaping":[158],"curricula":[159],"for":[160],"other":[163],"computing":[165],"topics.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-14T00:00:00"}