{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414913364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770755","title":"An Equitable Experience? How HCI Research Conceptualizes Accessibility of Virtual Reality in the Context of Disability","display_name":"An Equitable Experience? How HCI Research Conceptualizes Accessibility of Virtual Reality in the Context of Disability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414913364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3770755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066273713","display_name":"Kathrin Gerling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8449-6124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kathrin Gerling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8449-6124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034053911","display_name":"Anna-Lena Meiners","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9803-1555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna-Lena Meiners","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9803-1555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119883949","display_name":"Louisa Schumm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louisa Schumm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4220-7295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088509695","display_name":"Jan Ole Rixen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-7900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Rixen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-7900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086123191","display_name":"Marvin Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-6606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marvin Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-6606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088031789","display_name":"Zeynep Y\u0131ld\u0131z","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-3408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeynep Yildiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-3408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058009877","display_name":"Dmitry Alexandrovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9551-719X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Alexandrovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9551-719X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099022243","display_name":"Merlin Steven Opp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4198-3870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merlin Opp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4198-3870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066273713"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95538824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiential-learning","display_name":"Experiential learning","score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photo-elicitation","display_name":"Photo elicitation","score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-reality","display_name":"Mixed reality","score":0.3224000036716461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779713723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088139","display_name":"Photo elicitation","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780198215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361428","display_name":"Informal learning","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017715821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Assistive technology","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3770755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1649364341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ERC, AccessVR, 101115807","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19399978","https://openalex.org/W1551717579","https://openalex.org/W1586856071","https://openalex.org/W1950864686","https://openalex.org/W1998284588","https://openalex.org/W2010361629","https://openalex.org/W2037141354","https://openalex.org/W2044823074","https://openalex.org/W2078868438","https://openalex.org/W2087269573","https://openalex.org/W2096822517","https://openalex.org/W2108682032","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2137260886","https://openalex.org/W2163004454","https://openalex.org/W2163290657","https://openalex.org/W2172146914","https://openalex.org/W2402661097","https://openalex.org/W2488353163","https://openalex.org/W2489917308","https://openalex.org/W2557918165","https://openalex.org/W2581426675","https://openalex.org/W2796212040","https://openalex.org/W2810729758","https://openalex.org/W2964163354","https://openalex.org/W2967321604","https://openalex.org/W2971157838","https://openalex.org/W2982258339","https://openalex.org/W2993504750","https://openalex.org/W2995753645","https://openalex.org/W3028362940","https://openalex.org/W3042379185","https://openalex.org/W3047929886","https://openalex.org/W3156336556","https://openalex.org/W3192772057","https://openalex.org/W3197754888","https://openalex.org/W4206036760","https://openalex.org/W4237437650","https://openalex.org/W4241611109","https://openalex.org/W4243563428","https://openalex.org/W4301141993","https://openalex.org/W4311610446","https://openalex.org/W4318618520","https://openalex.org/W4318954863","https://openalex.org/W4321488194","https://openalex.org/W4321488206","https://openalex.org/W4327569194","https://openalex.org/W4386221847","https://openalex.org/W4386632332","https://openalex.org/W4387319104","https://openalex.org/W4389675194","https://openalex.org/W4390450190","https://openalex.org/W4394624215","https://openalex.org/W4401269989","https://openalex.org/W4403055853","https://openalex.org/W4407861105"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Creating":[0],"accessible":[1],"Virtual":[2],"Reality":[3],"(VR)":[4],"is":[5,18,46,81,105,128],"an":[6,31],"ongoing":[7],"concern":[8],"in":[9,27,38,84,96,166],"the":[10,28,54,97,157,167],"Human-Computer":[11],"Interaction":[12],"(HCI)":[13],"research":[14,104,172],"community.":[15],"However,":[16],"there":[17],"little":[19],"reflection":[20],"on":[21,164],"how":[22,44,74],"accessibility":[23,45,75,95,145],"should":[24],"be":[25],"conceptualized":[26,83],"context":[29,98],"of":[30,53,56,99,113,133,143],"experiential":[32],"technology.":[33],"We":[34,41,61],"address":[35],"this":[36,136],"gap":[37],"our":[39],"work:":[40],"first":[42],"explore":[43],"currently":[47,82],"defined,":[48],"highlighting":[49],"a":[50,65,140,149],"growing":[51],"recognition":[52],"importance":[55],"equitable":[57,153],"and":[58,76,101,155],"enriching":[59],"experiences.":[60],"then":[62],"carry":[63],"out":[64],"literature":[66],"study":[67],"(":[68],"N":[69],"=":[70],"28)":[71],"to":[72,162],"examine":[73],"its":[77],"relationship":[78],"with":[79],"experience":[80,148,165],"VR":[85,100,144,171],"research.":[86],"Our":[87],"results":[88],"show":[89,109],"that":[90,102,110,112,126,146],"existing":[91],"work":[92,161],"seldom":[93],"defines":[94],"barrier-centric":[103],"prevalent.":[106],"Likewise,":[107],"we":[108,138],"experience\u2014e.g.,":[111],"presence":[114],"or":[115,120],"immersion\u2014is":[116],"rarely":[117],"designed":[118],"for":[119,130,152,159],"evaluated,":[121],"while":[122],"participant":[123],"feedback":[124],"suggests":[125],"it":[127],"relevant":[129],"disabled":[131],"users":[132],"VR.":[134],"On":[135],"basis,":[137],"contribute":[139],"working":[141],"definition":[142],"considers":[147],"necessary":[150],"condition":[151],"access,":[154],"discuss":[156],"need":[158],"future":[160],"focus":[163],"same":[168],"way":[169],"as":[170],"addressing":[173],"non-disabled":[174],"persons":[175],"does.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}