{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416926467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770666","title":"SoundOff: Low-cost Passive Ultrasound Tags for Non-invasive and Non-Intrusive Smart Home Sensing","display_name":"SoundOff: Low-cost Passive Ultrasound Tags for Non-invasive and Non-Intrusive Smart Home Sensing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416926467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3770666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770666","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039714228","display_name":"Yibo Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-1189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibo Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-1189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070729537","display_name":"Vivian Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-9491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivian Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-9491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118970224","display_name":"V\u00edctor Riera Naranjo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8621-0986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor Riera Naranjo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8621-0986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011362331","display_name":"Bolei Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2589-2837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bolei Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2589-2837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005176233","display_name":"Alexander T. Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5811-3153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5811-3153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026852792","display_name":"Josiah Hester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-085X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josiah Hester","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-085X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82268909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.17730000615119934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.17730000615119934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.11990000307559967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.08749999850988388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.6765000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-automation","display_name":"Home automation","score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5436000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.37529999017715454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.6765000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507571656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848436","display_name":"Home automation","level":2,"score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5436000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778357586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7857","display_name":"Toilet","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779750879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22908936","display_name":"Home security","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3770666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3770666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3770666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6622873555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2430327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166064277","https://openalex.org/W179321503","https://openalex.org/W1973399263","https://openalex.org/W1980592899","https://openalex.org/W1991435384","https://openalex.org/W2014988059","https://openalex.org/W2027064609","https://openalex.org/W2060787432","https://openalex.org/W2108950108","https://openalex.org/W2109018459","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2144299314","https://openalex.org/W2152975774","https://openalex.org/W2157181132","https://openalex.org/W2169709590","https://openalex.org/W2538172027","https://openalex.org/W2548765505","https://openalex.org/W2610623618","https://openalex.org/W2625202521","https://openalex.org/W2766338868","https://openalex.org/W2795168503","https://openalex.org/W2795600692","https://openalex.org/W2798421454","https://openalex.org/W2896198943","https://openalex.org/W2897647475","https://openalex.org/W2907410812","https://openalex.org/W2941054658","https://openalex.org/W2943037436","https://openalex.org/W2945193357","https://openalex.org/W2952586546","https://openalex.org/W2971416168","https://openalex.org/W2972418643","https://openalex.org/W2978546772","https://openalex.org/W3011844345","https://openalex.org/W3031554797","https://openalex.org/W3049411219","https://openalex.org/W3093818819","https://openalex.org/W3096802538","https://openalex.org/W3097184229","https://openalex.org/W3162713314","https://openalex.org/W3171766731","https://openalex.org/W4200024435","https://openalex.org/W4281394698","https://openalex.org/W4366547380","https://openalex.org/W4376128949","https://openalex.org/W4387227775","https://openalex.org/W4391462118","https://openalex.org/W4392931295","https://openalex.org/W4404586317","https://openalex.org/W4408147459"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"in":[1,19,97],"real":[2],"time":[3],"how":[4,198],"we":[5,85,165,196],"move,":[6],"operate,":[7],"and":[8,12,24,52,73,108,146,207,233,254],"interact":[9],"within":[10],"living":[11],"working":[13],"spaces":[14],"is":[15],"crucial":[16],"to":[17,35,68,156,182,199,222,251],"applications":[18],"smart":[20],"buildings,":[21],"elder":[22],"care,":[23],"the":[25,111,138,168,226],"automation":[26,224],"industry.":[27],"Myriads":[28],"of":[29,113,140,162,203,216],"systems":[30],"have":[31,70],"used":[32],"complex":[33],"electronics":[34],"capture":[36],"this":[37,83,114],"information,":[38],"yet":[39],"they":[40],"often":[41,66],"rely":[42],"on":[43],"independent":[44],"sensors":[45],"or":[46,61],"devices":[47],"that":[48,90,167,218,236],"require":[49,74],"active":[50],"power":[51],"circuitry,":[53],"also":[54,187],"raising":[55],"privacy":[56],"concerns":[57],"when":[58,77],"using":[59],"cameras":[60],"microphones.":[62],"These":[63,129],"solutions":[64],"are":[65,178],"difficult":[67],"setup,":[69],"incompatible":[71],"ecosystems,":[72],"extra":[75],"cost":[76],"upgrading":[78],"already":[79],"existing":[80],"devices.":[81],"In":[82],"paper,":[84],"propose":[86],"SoundOff,":[87],"a":[88,117,123,153,160,213,229],"system":[89],"deploys":[91],"ultra-low-cost,":[92],"easily":[93,188,208,244],"manufacturable,":[94],"passive-ultrasound-emitting":[95],"tags":[96,130,250],"any":[98,257],"indoor":[99,258],"environment":[100],"(i.e.,":[101],"door":[102],"knobs,":[103],"toilet":[104],"lids,":[105],"cabinets,":[106],"faucets,":[107],"windows),":[109],"where":[110],"movement":[112],"furniture":[115],"causes":[116],"unique":[118,206],"ultrasonic":[119,169,210],"emission":[120],"identifiable":[121],"by":[122,127,172],"wearable":[124],"device":[125],"worn":[126],"users.":[128],"generate":[131,201],"ultrasound":[132],"signals":[133],"during":[134],"everyday":[135],"interaction,":[136],"above":[137],"range":[139,215],"human":[141],"hearing,":[142],"making":[143],"them":[144],"non-intrusive":[145],"non-invasive.":[147],"This":[148],"electronics-free,":[149],"zero-infrastructure":[150],"solution":[151],"provides":[152],"scalable":[154],"way":[155],"instrument":[157],"spaces.":[158],"Through":[159,193],"series":[161],"performance":[163],"evaluations,":[164],"show":[166],"emissions":[170],"generated":[171],"SoundOff":[173,249],"with":[174,205],"different":[175],"geometrical":[176],"designs":[177,204],"not":[179],"only":[180],"robust":[181],"various":[183],"environmental":[184],"noises":[185],"but":[186],"distinguishable":[189,209],"from":[190],"each":[191],"other.":[192],"physics-based":[194],"modeling,":[195],"demonstrate":[197],"systematically":[200],"thousands":[202],"emissions,":[211],"enabling":[212],"wide":[214],"interactions":[217],"can":[219],"be":[220,252],"mapped":[221],"custom":[223],"systurce":[225],"work,":[227],"including":[228],"geometric":[230],"modeling":[231],"pipeline":[232],"fabrication":[234],"guide":[235],"enables":[237],"design":[238],"exploration,":[239],"as":[240,242],"well":[241],"an":[243],"modifiable":[245],"recognition":[246],"system,":[247],"allowing":[248],"replicated":[253],"disseminated":[255],"throughout":[256],"environment.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}
