{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417070082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769815","title":"Privacy-preserving and Verifiable Causal Prescriptive Analytics","display_name":"Privacy-preserving and Verifiable Causal Prescriptive Analytics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417070082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769815","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044493129","display_name":"Zhaoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6892-1264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6892-1264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101728918","display_name":"Pingchuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-2817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingchuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-2817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120641627","display_name":"Zhantong Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhantong Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3419-9431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068879487","display_name":"Yanbo Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-8077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbo Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-8077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072001009","display_name":"Zhenlan Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3167-0480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenlan Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3167-0480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328264","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0866-0308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0866-0308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19558204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.19120000302791595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.19120000302791595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.1518000066280365,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.13459999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.5435000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.5324000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.3882000148296356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7265999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.5435000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.5324000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175801342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988917","display_name":"Data analysis","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194541083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457174","display_name":"Workaround","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193856179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251100","display_name":"Defeasible estate","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156094048","https://openalex.org/W2292438761","https://openalex.org/W2945215795","https://openalex.org/W3049595782","https://openalex.org/W3082950354","https://openalex.org/W4210966189","https://openalex.org/W4221115483","https://openalex.org/W4313270705","https://openalex.org/W4385653229","https://openalex.org/W4393183674","https://openalex.org/W4399174291","https://openalex.org/W4399175193"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prescriptive":[0],"analytics":[1],"seeks":[2],"to":[3,38,92,121,146,193,209],"identify":[4],"optimal":[5],"interventions":[6],"for":[7,78,151,176],"achieving":[8],"desired":[9],"outcomes,":[10],"with":[11,173],"causal":[12,102,111,119,124],"inference":[13],"playing":[14],"a":[15,64,115,142,194,202],"pivotal":[16],"role":[17],"in":[18,50,197,205],"assessing":[19],"intervention":[20],"impacts":[21],"on":[22],"complex":[23,152],"systems.":[24,213],"However,":[25],"existing":[26],"approaches":[27],"frequently":[28],"neglect":[29],"critical":[30],"data":[31,87,108],"privacy":[32,177],"considerations":[33],"and":[34,56,74,80,133,178,185,201],"provide":[35],"no":[36],"means":[37],"verify":[39],"the":[40,95,156,168],"integrity":[41],"of":[42,97,117,158,170],"their":[43],"recommendations.":[44],"These":[45],"limitations":[46],"hinder":[47],"its":[48,183],"adoption":[49],"high-stakes":[51],"domains":[52],"such":[53],"as":[54],"healthcare":[55],"finance.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,139,181],"introduce,":[62],"zkCLEAR,":[63],"zero-knowledge":[65],"proof":[66,149,198,206],"(ZKP)-based":[67],"C":[68],"ausal":[69],"Inference":[70],"(":[71],"LEA":[72],"rning":[73],"R":[75],"easoning)":[76],"framework":[77,165],"privacy-preserving":[79],"verifiable":[81],"prescriptive":[82,98],"analytics.":[83],"Our":[84],"solution":[85],"allows":[86],"owners":[88],"or":[89,109],"service":[90],"providers":[91],"cryptographically":[93],"prove":[94],"validity":[96],"conclusions":[99],"derived":[100],"from":[101],"analysis":[103],"without":[104],"disclosing":[105],"sensitive":[106],"source":[107],"proprietary":[110],"models.":[112],"We":[113,154],"develop":[114],"suite":[116],"ZKP-friendly":[118],"operators":[120],"build":[122],"efficient":[123,148],"modules,":[125],"including":[126],"structure":[127],"learning,":[128,130],"parameter":[129],"probabilistic":[131],"inference,":[132],"counterfactual":[134],"reasoning.":[135],"To":[136],"optimize":[137],"performance,":[138],"also":[140],"introduce":[141],"workflow":[143],"decomposition":[144],"strategy":[145],"facilitate":[147],"generation":[150,199],"workloads.":[153],"demonstrate":[155],"utility":[157],"zkCLEAR":[159],"through":[160],"three":[161],"real-world":[162,188],"applications.":[163],"The":[164],"faithfully":[166],"follows":[167],"behavior":[169],"non-ZKP":[171],"counterparts,":[172],"moderate":[174],"overheads":[175],"verifiability.":[179],"Additionally,":[180],"evaluate":[182],"efficiency":[184],"scalability":[186],"using":[187],"datasets.":[189],"It":[190],"shows":[191],"up":[192],"35.1\u00d7":[195],"speedup":[196],"time":[200],"214.5\u00d7":[203],"reduction":[204],"size":[207],"compared":[208],"current":[210],"general-purpose":[211],"ZKP":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-12-06T00:00:00"}