{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416653573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769700.3771698","title":"Preventing Time-Shifting Attacks by Powerful Attackers with Time Public Key Infrastructure","display_name":"Preventing Time-Shifting Attacks by Powerful Attackers with Time Public Key Infrastructure","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416653573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769700.3771698"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769700.3771698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769700.3771698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CoNEXT'25 Student workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103789372","display_name":"Zhentian Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0157-4796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhentian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0157-4796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060393993","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-240X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-240X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379245","display_name":"Li Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-7885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-7885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380761","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-8865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-8865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36775836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-time-protocol","display_name":"Network Time Protocol","score":0.8931000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-synchronization","display_name":"Time synchronization","score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.3758000135421753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217491","display_name":"Network Time Protocol","level":3,"score":0.8931000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7473999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7139000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986737936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Time synchronization","level":2,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28420585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665075","display_name":"Timing attack","level":4,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72648740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658476","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","level":4,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769700.3771698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769700.3771698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the CoNEXT'25 Student workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885330389","https://openalex.org/W7106305849"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0,14,53],"synchronization":[1,127],"is":[2,42,83],"crucial":[3],"for":[4,62],"computer":[5],"networks":[6],"to":[7,25,58,65,85,93,101,115],"operate":[8],"normally.":[9],"Unfortunately,":[10],"the":[11,67,79,102,112],"current":[12],"Network":[13],"Protocol":[15],"(NTP)":[16],"suffers":[17],"from":[18],"significant":[19],"security":[20],"vulnerabilities,":[21],"rendering":[22],"it":[23],"susceptible":[24],"time-shifting":[26,34],"attacks.":[27],"While":[28],"some":[29],"efforts":[30],"aiming":[31],"at":[32],"prevent":[33],"attacks":[35],"have":[36],"been":[37],"made,":[38],"today's":[39],"NTP":[40,63,76,113],"ecosystem":[41],"still":[43],"threatened":[44],"by":[45],"powerful":[46],"attackers.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,105],"propose":[52],"Public":[54],"Key":[55],"Infrastructure":[56],"(TPKI)":[57],"provide":[59,124],"a":[60,88,107],"reference":[61],"clients":[64],"verify":[66],"correctness":[68],"of":[69,75,109],"time":[70,99,126],"samples.":[71],"Even":[72],"with":[73],"90%":[74],"servers":[77],"compromised,":[78],"attack":[80],"success":[81],"rate":[82],"limited":[84],"0.18%,":[86],"representing":[87],"556":[89],"\u00d7":[90],"reduction":[91],"compared":[92],"NTPv4.":[94,103],"TPKI":[95,110,118],"also":[96],"achieves":[97],"approximate":[98],"accuracy":[100],"Moreover,":[104],"deploy":[106],"prototype":[108],"in":[111],"Pool":[114],"illustrate":[116],"that":[117],"can":[119],"be":[120],"easily":[121],"deployed,":[122],"and":[123],"reliable":[125],"services.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}