{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123630612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769246","title":"AF-XRAY: Visual Explanation and Resolution of Ambiguity in Legal Argumentation Frameworks","display_name":"AF-XRAY: Visual Explanation and Resolution of Ambiguity in Legal Argumentation Frameworks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123630612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769246"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769126.3769246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769246","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367781","display_name":"Yilin Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2500-0245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2500-0245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027930774","display_name":"Heng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-7746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-7746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014091778","display_name":"Shawn Bowers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-0197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119888943","display_name":"Gonzaga University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ze70h02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119888943"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shawn Bowers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-0197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119888943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bertram Lud\u00e4scher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-936X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bertram Lud\u00e4scher","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-936X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79355935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"495","last_page":"497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.746999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.746999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.04439999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.027699999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.8532000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argumentation-theory","display_name":"Argumentation theory","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.659500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grounded-theory","display_name":"Grounded theory","score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.374099999666214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.8532000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65059942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270105","display_name":"Argumentation theory","level":2,"score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.659500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4789757","display_name":"Argumentation framework","level":3,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72196577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645946","display_name":"Argument map","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769126.3769246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769126.3769246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7914868593215942}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976534581","https://openalex.org/W1999283223","https://openalex.org/W2040467548","https://openalex.org/W2104126268","https://openalex.org/W2967761334","https://openalex.org/W2986137465","https://openalex.org/W4212881215","https://openalex.org/W4402158141","https://openalex.org/W4402807687"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Argumentation":[0],"frameworks":[1],"(AFs)":[2],"provide":[3],"formal":[4],"approaches":[5],"for":[6,20,28],"legal":[7,36,116,132],"reasoning,":[8],"but":[9],"identifying":[10],"sources":[11],"of":[12,54,66,78,90,107],"ambiguity":[13,108],"and":[14,31,75,109],"explaining":[15],"argument":[16,46],"acceptance":[17],"remains":[18],"challenging":[19],"non-experts.":[21],"We":[22,113],"present":[23],"AF-XRAY,":[24],"an":[25],"open-source":[26],"toolkit":[27],"exploring,":[29],"analyzing,":[30],"visualizing":[32],"abstract":[33],"AFs":[34],"in":[35],"reasoning.":[37],"AF-XRAY":[38,94],"introduces:":[39],"(i)":[40],"layered":[41],"visualizations":[42,65],"based":[43],"on":[44,70],"game-theoretic":[45],"length":[47],"revealing":[48,135],"well-founded":[49],"derivation":[50],"structures;":[51],"(ii)":[52],"classification":[53],"attack":[55,80,92],"edges":[56],"by":[57,123,134],"semantic":[58],"roles":[59],"(primary,":[60],"secondary,":[61],"blunders);":[62],"(iii)":[63],"overlay":[64],"alternative":[67,111],"2-valued":[68],"solutions":[69],"ambiguous":[71,96],"3-valued":[72],"grounded":[73,99],"semantics;":[74],"(iv)":[76],"identification":[77],"critical":[79,91],"sets":[81],"whose":[82],"suspension":[83],"resolves":[84],"undecided":[85],"arguments.":[86],"Through":[87],"systematic":[88],"generation":[89],"sets,":[93],"transforms":[95],"scenarios":[97],"into":[98],"solutions,":[100],"enabling":[101],"users":[102],"to":[103,125,140],"pinpoint":[104],"specific":[105],"causes":[106],"explore":[110],"resolutions.":[112],"use":[114],"real-world":[115],"cases":[117],"(e.g.,":[118],"Wild":[119],"Animals":[120],"as":[121],"modeled":[122],"Bench-Capon)":[124],"show":[126],"that":[127],"our":[128],"tool":[129],"supports":[130],"teleological":[131],"reasoning":[133],"how":[136],"different":[137,141],"assumptions":[138],"lead":[139],"justified":[142],"conclusions.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
