{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123640366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769199","title":"Which Demographic Features Are Relevant for Individual Fairness Evaluation of U.S. Recidivism Risk Assessment Tools?","display_name":"Which Demographic Features Are Relevant for Individual Fairness Evaluation of U.S. Recidivism Risk Assessment Tools?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123640366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769199"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769126.3769199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769199","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769199","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tin Trung Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5041-3627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tin Trung Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5041-3627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101277494","display_name":"Jiannan Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiannan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1153-9093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117461197","display_name":"Phuong-Anh Nguyen-Le","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phuong-Anh Nguyen-Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2477-2381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jonathan Lazar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-1582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Lazar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-1582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Donald Braman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9631-7501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Braman","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Washington University, Washington DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9631-7501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Washington University, Washington DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019928111","display_name":"Hal Daum\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-345X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hal Daum\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-345X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002794683","display_name":"Zubin Jelveh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubin Jelveh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2721-073X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70713446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"354","last_page":"358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.6528000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.6528000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism","display_name":"Recidivism","score":0.9185000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.7519000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.336899995803833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420643","display_name":"Recidivism","level":2,"score":0.9185000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.7519000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6116999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150241267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7336285","display_name":"Risk management tools","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769126.3769199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769199","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769126.3769199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769199","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4551579803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15PNIJ-23-GG-01932-RESS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337430","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Justice"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337430","display_name":"National Institute of Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8p7w89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994407253","https://openalex.org/W2026019770","https://openalex.org/W2043415291","https://openalex.org/W2078385770","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2159175425","https://openalex.org/W2619075474","https://openalex.org/W2787955716","https://openalex.org/W3014011525","https://openalex.org/W3029022080","https://openalex.org/W4210736086","https://openalex.org/W4282835773","https://openalex.org/W4394590365","https://openalex.org/W4410151314"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"its":[1],"constitutional":[2],"relevance,":[3],"the":[4,49],"technical":[5],"\u201cindividual":[6],"fairness\u201d":[7],"criterion":[8],"has":[9],"not":[10],"been":[11],"operationalized":[12],"in":[13],"U.S.":[14],"state":[15],"or":[16],"federal":[17],"statutes/regulations.":[18],"We":[19],"conduct":[20],"a":[21],"human":[22],"subjects":[23],"experiment":[24],"to":[25],"address":[26],"this":[27],"gap,":[28],"evaluating":[29],"which":[30],"demographic":[31],"features":[32],"are":[33],"relevant":[34],"for":[35],"individual":[36,50],"fairness":[37],"evaluation":[38],"of":[39],"recidivism":[40],"risk":[41],"assessment":[42],"(RRA)":[43],"tools.":[44],"Our":[45],"analyses":[46],"conclude":[47],"that":[48],"similarity":[51],"function":[52],"should":[53,60],"consider":[54],"age":[55],"and":[56],"sex,":[57],"but":[58],"it":[59],"ignore":[61],"race.":[62]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
